Characteristics of the study population, factors of interest and hospitalisation within 28 days of CAP
| Hospitalised within 28 days n | Not hospitalised n | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All CAPs n (%) | 33 321 (76.5) | 10 255 (23.5) | 43 576 |
| Male n (%) | 16 143 (79.5) | 4151 (20.5) | 20 294 |
| Female n (%) | 17 178 (73.8) | 6104 (26.2) | 23 282 |
| Age (grouped) n (%) | |||
| 65–69 | 3469 (75.9) | 1099 (24.1) | 4568 |
| 70–74 | 4703 (78.8) | 1262 (21.2) | 5965 |
| 75–79 | 6039 (78.4) | 1663 (21.6) | 7702 |
| 80–84 | 7227 (79.5) | 1865 (20.5) | 9092 |
| 85–89 | 6666 (76.6) | 2038 (23.4) | 8704 |
| 90+ | 5217 (69.1) | 2328 (30.9) | 7545 |
| Year of CAP (grouped) n (%) | |||
| 1998–2000 | 4008 (57.7) | 2944 (42.3) | 6952 |
| 2001–2003 | 6266 (69.9) | 2701 (30.1) | 8967 |
| 2004–2006 | 8269 (79.2) | 2173 (20.8) | 10 442 |
| 2007–2008 | 7039 (83.7) | 1372 (16.3) | 8411 |
| 2009–2010 | 7739 (87.9) | 1065 (12.1) | 8804 |
| Individual comorbidities n (%) | |||
| Ischaemic heart disease | |||
| Pre-MI | 7261 (81.5) | 1644 (18.5) | 8905 |
| Post-MI | 4914 (83.2) | 994 (16.8) | 5908 |
| Congestive heart failure | 8289 (79.6) | 2124 (20.4) | 10 413 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4661 (82.7) | 976 (17.3) | 5637 |
| Dementia | 4526 (66.8) | 2248 (33.2) | 6774 |
| Chronic lung disease | 14 571 (83.4) | 2905 (16.6) | 17 476 |
| Connective tissue disease | 3347 (81.9) | 740 (18.1) | 4087 |
| Peptic ulcer | 3343 (81.1) | 778 (18.9) | 4121 |
| Liver disease | |||
| Mild | 241 (84.3) | 45 (15.7) | 286 |
| Severe | 165 (87.3) | 24 (12.7) | 189 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Diabetes | 4678 (81.3) | 1076 (18.7) | 5754 |
| With complications | 1633 (86.6) | 253 (13.4) | 1886 |
| Hemiplegia | 1243 (76.4) | 384 (23.6) | 1627 |
| Cancer | |||
| Solid cancer | 5208 (80) | 1300 (20) | 6508 |
| Metastatic | 1066 (83.9) | 204 (16.1) | 1270 |
| Leukaemia/lymphoma | 981 (85) | 173 (15) | 1154 |
| Severe renal disease | 7001 (88.6) | 900 (11.4) | 7901 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8338 (74.5) | 2856 (25.5) | 11 194 |
| Neurological disease | 2997 (73.1) | 1103 (26.9) | 4100 |
| Disorders of the immune mechanism | 243 (90) | 27 (10) | 270 |
| Mild renal disease | 401 (82.5) | 85 (17.5) | 486 |
| Terminal illness | 1190 (67.1) | 584 (32.9) | 1774 |
| Frailty factors n (%) | |||
| Recent carer | 1418 (79.6) | 364 (20.4) | 1782 |
| Living arrangements | |||
| Not recorded | 27 949 (77.6) | 8070 (22.4) | 36 019 |
| Lives alone | 1471 (81) | 344 (19) | 1815 |
| Sheltered accommodation | 477 (79) | 127 (21) | 604 |
| Residential care | 3424 (66.6) | 1714 (33.4) | 5138 |
| Visual impairment | 11 098 (78.8) | 2984 (21.2) | 14 082 |
| Self-care | 366 (79.7) | 93 (20.3) | 459 |
| Anxious/depressed | 2730 (76) | 860 (24) | 3590 |
| Bedsore/ulcer | 824 (59.7) | 556 (40.3) | 1380 |
| Mobility issues | 2072 (79) | 552 (21) | 2624 |
| Tired | 1957 (74.4) | 672 (25.6) | 2629 |
| Low weight/poor nutrition | 4460 (75.1) | 1477 (24.9) | 5937 |
| Incontinence/catheter | 3230 (71.7) | 1274 (28.3) | 4504 |
| History of falling | 4792 (76.4) | 1484 (23.6) | 6276 |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | |||
| Any excess alcohol code | 1720 (80.3) | 423 (19.7) | 2143 |
| Medications n (%) | |||
| Immunosuppressants (other than steroids) in past 120 days | 685 (85.3) | 118 (14.7) | 803 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | |||
| None pre-CAP | 22 414 (73.6) | 8023 (26.4) | 30 437 |
| Within 60 days | 6864 (84.7) | 1239 (15.3) | 8103 |
| Within 61–180 days | 1620 (81.6) | 366 (18.4) | 1986 |
| Within 181–365 days | 597 (81.4) | 136 (18.6) | 733 |
| More than 365 days ago | 1826 (78.8) | 491 (21.2) | 2317 |
| Antibiotics | |||
| None in previous 28 days | 23 437 (77.2) | 6926 (22.8) | 30 363 |
| In previous 1–7 days | 5368 (76.9) | 1610 (23.1) | 6978 |
| In previous 8–28 days | 4516 (72.4) | 1719 (27.6) | 6235 |
| Statins in previous 6 months | 8829 (86.7) | 1350 (13.3) | 10 179 |
| Oral steroids in previous 90 days | 5242 (83) | 1077 (17) | 6319 |
| Influenza vaccine receipt | |||
| No vaccine pre-CAP | 4940 (69.7) | 2143 (30.3) | 7083 |
| 14–365 days pre-CAP | 20 554 (76.2) | 6420 (23.8) | 26 974 |
| Last season | 5990 (75.5) | 1949 (24.5) | 7939 |
| 2–5 years pre-CAP | 1846 (71.7) | 728 (28.3) | 2574 |
| >5 years pre-CAP | 656 (76.4) | 203 (23.6) | 859 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | |||
| No vaccine pre-CAP | 13 126 (66.4) | 6643 (33.6) | 19 769 |
| 14–365 days pre-CAP | 1872 (73.7) | 669 (26.3) | 2541 |
| 1–2 years pre-CAP | 2095 (75.4) | 682 (24.6) | 2777 |
| 2–5 years pre-CAP | 7260 (80.1) | 1801 (19.9) | 9061 |
| >5 years pre-CAP | 9633 (85.4) | 1648 (14.6) | 11 281 |
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; MI, myocardial infarction.