Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, blood pressure measurements and biochemistry profiles of patients attended screening visit, and patients randomised to receive trial medication.
| Attended screening visit | Randomised into STOP-CKD study | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 134 | 16 |
| Male gender, n. (%) | 62 (46) | 7 (44) |
| White ethnicity, n. (%) | 125 (93) | 16 (100) |
| Mean age (SD), years | 68 (10) | 71 (7) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 62 (46) | 5 (31) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 42 (31) | 3 (19) |
| Coronary heart disease | 17 (13) | 1 (6) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft/angioplasty | 13 (10) | 0 |
| Stroke/transient ischaemic attack | 11 (8) | 1 (6) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (6) | 0 |
| Total number of comorbidities, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) |
| Medications, n (%) | ||
| Antiplatelet agents | 34 (25) | 4 (25) |
| Lipid lowering agents | 54 (40) | 4 (25) |
| Use of antihypertensive agents | 74 (55) | 9 (56) |
| Diuretics | 20 (15) | 1 (6) |
| β-blockers | 20 (15) | 2 (13) |
| ACEi/ARB | 48 (36) | 5 (31) |
| Nitrates | 5 (4) | 0 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 21 (16) | 4 (25) |
| α channel blockers | 11 (8) | 0 |
| Patients not receiving any antihypertensive agents | 60 (45) | 7 (44) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | ||
| Current smoker | 8 (6) | 1 (6) |
| Ex-smoker | 55 (41) | 7 (44) |
| Never smoker | 71 (53) | 8 (50) |
| BP measurements | ||
| Office systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 132 (19) | 133 (10) |
| Office diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 79 (10) | 78 (8) |
| Office systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, n. (%) | 47 (35) | 10 (62) |
| Office BP within NICE CKD targets, n. (%) | 54 (40) | 6 (38) |
| Office systolic BP <120 mm Hg, n. (%) | 34 (25) | 0 |
| Number of patients | 79 | 16 |
| Na+, mmol/L | 141 (3) | 142 (2) |
| K+, mmol/L | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.4) |
| Urea, mg/dL | 6.8 (2.0) | 6.9 (1.4) |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), μmol/L | 98 (85–112) | 101 (86–121) |
| MDRD eGFR (median, IQR), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 57 (51–65) | 54 (48–57) |
| CKD EPI eGFR (mean, SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 59 (12) | 53 (7) |
| Urine ACR (median, IQR), mg/mmol | 0.9 (0–2.0) | 0.85 (0.08–1.95) |
| <3 mg/mmol, n. (%) | 62 (79) | 13 (81) |
| 3–30 mg/mmol, n. (%) | 16 (20) | 3 (19) |
| >30 mg/mmol, n. (%) | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Ca+2, mmol/L | 2.38 (0.10) | 2.38 (0.13) |
| Albumin, g/L | 46 (2) | 45 (1) |
| Total protein, g/L | 72 (4) | 71 (3) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 78 (25) | 79 (17) |
| Alanine Aminotransferase, U/L | 20 (8) | 19 (7) |
Bold typeface indicates categories of variables.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; Ca+2, serum calcium; CKD, chronic kidney disease; EPI, Epidemiology Collaboration equation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate;; K+, serum potassium; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; Na+, serum sodium; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; STOP-CKD, Spironolactone To Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Early Stage CKD.