HRs for mortality from all causes
| Never-smokers | Former smokers | Current smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Men | 1.135 | 0.827 to 1.557 | 1.320 | 0.981 to 1.775 | 1.195 | 0.928 to 1.540 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Other | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Hispanic | 1.058 | 0.676 to 1.656 | 0.857 | 0.544 to 1.351 | 0.953 | 0.558 to 1.628 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.512* | 1.066 to 2.145 | 1.839*** | 1.334 to 2.536 | 1.513** | 1.190 to 1.923 |
| Education level | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| High school | 0.785 | 0.543 to 1.134 | 1.172 | 0.803 to 1.712 | 0.875 | 0.666 to 1.149 |
| More than high school | 0.539* | 0.334 to 0.868 | 1.012 | 0.728 to 1.407 | 0.693** | 0.546 to 0.881 |
| Smoking intensity | ||||||
| 0 to <1 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 1 to <2 | 1.002 | 0.738 to 1.361 | 1.251 | 0.922 to 1.699 | ||
| ≥2 | 1.471* | 1.049 to 2.064 | 1.383 | 0.951 to 2.013 | ||
| BMI-25 | 1.057*** | 1.033 to 1.082 | 1.036** | 1.015 to 1.059 | 1.024 | 0.997 to 1.052 |
***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05.
Never-smokers are defined as those having smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. The sample includes persons ages 50–74. Entry years are 1988–2004 with mortality follow-up through 2006. HRs are derived from Cox proportional hazards models that adjust for gender, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other) and educational attainment (less than high school, high school, some college or greater). Age is specified as analysis time. BMI-25 is calculated by subtracting 25 from each person's maximum BMI. Individuals with BMI values between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 constitute the reference category and are assigned a value of 0. All estimates are weighted and account for complex survey design. Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
BMI, body mass index.