Table 1

Characteristics of included RCTs

Study name	Patients, (n)	Type of surgery	Countries	Mean age	% Female	Mean BMI%	Total OA %
Beaupre 2004	131	TKR	Canada	67	55	31.4	NR
Bitterli 2011	80	THR	Switzerland	66.9	38	27.4	NR
Brown 2012	32	TKR	USA	NR	NR	36.8	NR
D'Lima 1996	30	TKR	USA	69.8	46.6	NR	83.3
Evgeniadis 2008	48	TKR	Greece	68.3	76.3	34.1	100
Ferrara 2008	23	THR	Italy	63.4	60.8	NR	100
Gilbey 2003	76	THR	Australia	65.2	61.8	27.94	NR
Gocen 2004	60	THR	Turkey	51.3	35.5	NR	49
Gstoettner 2011	38	TKR	Australia	69.7	78.9	27.8	100
Hoogeboom 2010	21	THR	The Netherlands	76	66	NR	NR
Matassi 2014	122	TKR	Italy	66.5	48	28.5	NR
McKay 2012	22	TKR	Canada	61.3	59	34.3	100
Mitchell 2005	160	TKR	UK	70.3	57.9	NR	100
Oosting 2012	30	THR	The Netherlands	76	80	28.2	100
Rooks 2006	108	THR/TKR	USA	64.1	56	31.6	100
Topp 2009	54	TKR	USA	63.8	68	32.1	100
Tungtrongjit 2012	60	TKR	Thailand	64.5	83.3	24.8	100
Villadsen 2014	165	THR/TKR	Denmark	67	56	30.3	100
Vukomanovic 08	45	THR	Serbia	58.4	67	NR	100
Wang 2002	28	THR	Australia	67.1	64	NR	89
Weidenhielm 1993	39	TKR	Sweden	63.5	51.3	29.6	100
Williamson 2007	120	TKR	UK	69.8	52.9	32.7	100

BMI, body mass index; NR, not reported; OA, osteoarthritis; RCT, randomised controlled trial; THR, total hip replacement; TKR, total knee replacement; UK, UK; USA, USA of America.