RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Nutrition and dietary intake and their association with mortality and hospitalisation in adults with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis: protocol for DIET-HD, a prospective multinational cohort study JF BMJ Open JO BMJ Open FD British Medical Journal Publishing Group SP e006897 DO 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006897 VO 5 IS 3 A1 Suetonia C Palmer A1 Marinella Ruospo A1 Katrina L Campbell A1 Vanessa Garcia Larsen A1 Valeria Saglimbene A1 Patrizia Natale A1 Letizia Gargano A1 Jonathan C Craig A1 David W Johnson A1 Marcello Tonelli A1 John Knight A1 Anna Bednarek-Skublewska A1 Eduardo Celia A1 Domingo del Castillo A1 Jan Dulawa A1 Tevfik Ecder A1 Elisabeth Fabricius A1 João Miguel Frazão A1 Ruben Gelfman A1 Susanne Hildegard Hoischen A1 Staffan Schön A1 Paul Stroumza A1 Delia Timofte A1 Marietta Török A1 Jörgen Hegbrant A1 Charlotta Wollheim A1 Luc Frantzen A1 G F M Strippoli A1 on behalf of DIET-HD Study investigators YR 2015 UL http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/3/e006897.abstract AB Introduction Adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with haemodialysis experience mortality of between 15% and 20% each year. Effective interventions that improve health outcomes for long-term dialysis patients remain unproven. Novel and testable determinants of health in dialysis are needed. Nutrition and dietary patterns are potential factors influencing health in other health settings that warrant exploration in multinational studies in men and women treated with dialysis. We report the protocol of the “DIETary intake, death and hospitalisation in adults with end-stage kidney disease treated with HaemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study,” a multinational prospective cohort study. DIET-HD will describe associations of nutrition and dietary patterns with major health outcomes for adults treated with dialysis in several countries. Methods and analysis DIET-HD will recruit approximately 10 000 adults who have ESKD treated by clinics administered by a single dialysis provider in Argentina, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. Recruitment will take place between March 2014 and June 2015. The study has currently recruited 8000 participants who have completed baseline data. Nutritional intake and dietary patterns will be measured using the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) food frequency questionnaire. The primary dietary exposures will be n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality and secondary outcomes will be all-cause mortality, infection-related mortality and hospitalisation. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the relevant Ethics Committees in participating countries. All participants will provide written informed consent and be free to withdraw their data at any time. The findings of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and to participants via regular newsletters. We expect that the DIET-HD study will inform large pragmatic trials of nutrition or dietary interventions in the setting of advanced kidney disease.