RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries
JF BMJ Open
JO BMJ Open
FD British Medical Journal Publishing Group
SP e062562
DO 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062562
VO 13
IS 1
A1 Cavallera, Vanessa
A1 Lancaster, Gillian
A1 Gladstone, Melissa
A1 Black, Maureen M
A1 McCray, Gareth
A1 Nizar, Ambreen
A1 Ahmed, Salahuddin
A1 Dutta, Arup
A1 Anago, Romuald Kouadio E
A1 Brentani, Alexandra
A1 Jiang, Fan
A1 Schönbeck, Yvonne
A1 McCoy, Dana C
A1 Kariger, Patricia
A1 Weber, Ann M
A1 Raikes, Abbie
A1 Waldman, Marcus
A1 van Buuren, Stef
A1 Kaur, Raghbir
A1 Pérez Maillard, Michelle
A1 Nisar, Muhammad Imran
A1 Khanam, Rasheda
A1 Sazawal, Sunil
A1 Zongo, Arsène
A1 Pacifico Mercadante, Mariana
A1 Zhang, Yunting
A1 Roy, Arunangshu D
A1 Hepworth, Katelyn
A1 Fink, Günther
A1 Rubio-Codina, Marta
A1 Tofail, Fahmida
A1 Eekhout, Iris
A1 Seiden, Jonathan
A1 Norton, Rebecca
A1 Baqui, Abdullah H
A1 Khalfan Ali, Jamila
A1 Zhao, Jin
A1 Holzinger, Andreas
A1 Detmar, Symone
A1 Kembou, Samuel Nzale
A1 Begum, Farzana
A1 Mohammed Ali, Said
A1 Jehan, Fyezah
A1 Dua, Tarun
A1 Janus, Magdalena
YR 2023
UL http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/1/e062562.abstract
AB Introduction Children’s early development is affected by caregiving experiences, with lifelong health and well-being implications. Governments and civil societies need population-based measures to monitor children’s early development and ensure that children receive the care needed to thrive. To this end, the WHO developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) to measure children’s early development up to 3 years of age. The GSED includes three measures for population and programmatic level measurement: (1) short form (SF) (caregiver report), (2) long form (LF) (direct administration) and (3) psychosocial form (PF) (caregiver report). The primary aim of this protocol is to validate the GSED SF and LF. Secondary aims are to create preliminary reference scores for the GSED SF and LF, validate an adaptive testing algorithm and assess the feasibility and preliminary validity of the GSED PF.Methods and analysis We will conduct the validation in seven countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Pakistan, The Netherlands, People's Republic of China, United Republic of Tanzania), varying in geography, language, culture and income through a 1-year prospective design, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods with 1248 children per site, stratified by age and sex. The GSED generates an innovative common metric (Developmental Score: D-score) using the Rasch model and a Development for Age Z-score (DAZ). We will evaluate six psychometric properties of the GSED SF and LF: concurrent validity, predictive validity at 6 months, convergent and discriminant validity, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability. We will evaluate measurement invariance by comparing differential item functioning and differential test functioning across sites.Ethics and dissemination This study has received ethical approval from the WHO (protocol GSED validation 004583 20.04.2020) and approval in each site. Study results will be disseminated through webinars and publications from WHO, international organisations, academic journals and conference proceedings.Registration details Open Science Framework https://osf.io/ on 19 November 2021 (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/KX5T7; identifier: osf-registrations-kx5t7-v1).