PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Petignat, Patrick
AU  - Kenfack, Bruno
AU  - Wisniak, Ania
AU  - Saiji, Essia
AU  - Tille, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Tsuala Fouogue, Jovanny
AU  - Catarino, Rosa
AU  - Tincho, Eveline
AU  - Vassilakos, Pierre
TI  - ABCD criteria to improve visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) triage in HPV-positive women: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy
AID  - 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052504
DP  - 2022 Apr 01
TA  - BMJ Open
PG  - e052504
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
4099  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/4/e052504.short
4100  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/4/e052504.full
SO  - BMJ Open2022 Apr 01; 12
AB  - Objectives A simple system for visual inspection with acetic acid assessment, named ABCD criteria, has been developed to increase accuracy for triaging of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of ABCD criteria for the detection of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or worse (CIN2+) in HPV-positive women living in a low-resource setting.Design Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.Setting Cervical cancer screening programme based on a 3T-Approach (test, triage and treat) in the Health District of Dschang, West Cameroon.Participants Asymptomatic non-pregnant women aged 30–49 years were eligible to participate. Exclusion criteria included history of CIN treatment, anogenital cancer or hysterectomy. A total of 1980 women were recruited (median age, 40 years; IQR 35–45 years), of whom 361 (18.4%) were HPV-positive and 340 (94.2%) completed the trial.Interventions HPV-positive women underwent a pelvic examination for visual assessment of the cervix according to ABCD criteria. The criteria comprised A for acetowhiteness, B for bleeding, C for colouring and D for diameter. The ABCD criteria results were codified as positive or negative and compared with histological analysis findings (reference standards).Primary outcome measure Diagnostic performance of ABCD criteria for CIN2+, defined as sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values.Results ABCD criteria had a sensitivity of 77.5% (95% CI 61.3% to 88.2%), specificity of 42.0% (95% CI 36.5% to 47.7%), positive predictive value of 15.1% (95% CI 10.8% to 20.8%), and negative predictive value of 93.3% (95% CI 87.6% to 96.5%) for detection of CIN2 +lesions. Most (86.7%) of the ABCD-positive women were treated on the same day.Conclusions ABCD criteria can be used in the context of a single-visit approach and may be the preferred triage method for management of HPV-positive women in a low-income context.Trial registration number NCT03757299.Data are available on reasonable request. Data used in the study is available on request to the first author.