PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Carlos O Mendivil
AU  - Sebastián A Gutiérrez Romero
AU  - María J Peláez-Jaramillo
AU  - Luz D Nieves-Barreto
AU  - Angélica Montaño-Rodríguez
AU  - Eddy Betancourt-Villamizar
TI  - Diabetes and associated dietary intake among urban adults: COPEN (Colombian Nutritional Profiles)—a cross-sectional study
AID  - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042050
DP  - 2021 Jun 01
TA  - BMJ Open
PG  - e042050
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
4099  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/6/e042050.short
4100  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/6/e042050.full
SO  - BMJ Open2021 Jun 01; 11
AB  - Objectives Diabetes is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes, describe its correlates and its associated dietary intake in urban adults from Colombia.Setting The Colombian Study of Nutritional Profiles was a population-based, cross-sectional, multi-stage probabilistic sampling survey designed to represent the five main Colombian cities.Participants Between June and November 2018, we studied 736 non-pregnant participants aged 18 or older. Diabetes was defined as a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, self-reported prior diagnosis of diabetes or use of any oral or injectable antidiabetic medication(s). Participants also fulfilled a detailed 157-item food-frequency questionnaire.Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence of diabetes, dietary intake of key nutrients, achievement of dietary goals among individuals with diabetes.Results The overall estimated prevalence of diabetes was 10.1%, with no difference by sex (9.6% in women, 10.8% in men, p=0.43). The association between diabetes and education level depended on sex, diabetes was more prevalent among more educated men and less educated women. Abdominal obesity was associated with a 65% increase in diabetes prevalence among men, and a 163% increase in women. Individuals with diabetes reported lower mean consumption of all nutrients, but after adjustment by sex, age, socioeconomic level (SEL) and body mass index, only their lower sodium consumption remained significant (p=0.013). The proportion of non-achievement of dietary intake goals among participants with diabetes was 94.4% for saturated fats, 86.7% for sodium, 84.4% for fibre and 80% for trans fats. In multivariate logistic regression models, age was the strongest independent correlate of diabetes.Conclusions Diabetes by self-report, random plasma glucose or medication use was highly prevalent among Colombian adults. There were large differences by abdominal obesity status, region of residence, SEL and educational level. The proportion of individuals with diabetes meeting dietary recommendations was alarmingly low.Data are available in a public, open access repository. The study dataset and its associated variable definitions file have been publicly deposited in the dryad repository, they can be consulted under the following link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sqv9s4n2n.