PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Paolo Biban AU - Giorgio Conti AU - Andrea Michele Wolfler AU - Silvia Carlassara AU - Eloisa Gitto AU - Immacolata Rulli AU - Andrea Moscatelli AU - Camilla Micalizzi AU - Fabio Savron AU - Raffaella Sagredini AU - Giulia Genoni AU - Marco Binotti AU - Fabio Caramelli AU - Monica Fae AU - Andrea Pettenazzo AU - Valentina Stritoni AU - Luigia D’Amato AU - Geremia Zito Marinosci AU - Edoardo Calderini AU - Stefano Scalia Catenacci AU - Alberto Berardi AU - Francesco Torcetta AU - Ezio Bonanomi AU - Daniele Bonacina AU - Giorgio Ivani AU - Pierantonio Santuz TI - Efficacy and safety of exogenous surfactant therapy in patients under 12 months of age invasively ventilated for severe bronchiolitis (SURFABRON): protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, non-profit trial AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038780 DP - 2020 Oct 01 TA - BMJ Open PG - e038780 VI - 10 IP - 10 4099 - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/e038780.short 4100 - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/e038780.full SO - BMJ Open2020 Oct 01; 10 AB - Introduction Some evidence indicates that exogenous surfactant therapy may be effective in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis, even though more confirmatory data are needed. To date, no large multicentre trials have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of exogenous surfactant in severe cases of bronchiolitis requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).Methods and analysis This is a multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, performed in 19 Italian paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Eligible participants are infants under the age of 12 months hospitalised in a PICU, suffering from severe acute hypoxaemic bronchiolitis, requiring IMV. We adopted a more restrictive definition of bronchiolitis, including only infants below 12 months of age, to maintain the population as much homogeneous as possible. The primary outcome is to evaluate whether exogenous surfactant therapy (Curosurf, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Italy) is effective compared with placebo (air) in reducing the duration of IMV in the first 14 days of hospitalisation, in infants suffering from acute hypoxaemic viral bronchiolitis. Secondary outcomes are duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the post-extubation phase, number of cases requiring new intubation after previous extubation within 14 days from randomisation, PICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), duration of oxygen dependency, effects on oxygenation and ventilatory parameters during invasive mechanical respiratory support, need for repeating treatment within 24 hours of first treatment, use of other interventions (eg, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), mortality within the first 14 days of PICU stay and before hospital discharge, side effects and serious adverse events.Ethics and dissemination The trial design and protocol have received approval by the Italian National Agency for Drugs (AIFA) and by the Regional Ethical Committee of Verona University Hospital (1494CESC). Findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference/meeting presentations and media.Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov, issue date 22 May 2019. NCT03959384.