RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Is austerity responsible for the recent change in mortality trends across high-income nations? A protocol for an observational study JF BMJ Open JO BMJ Open FD British Medical Journal Publishing Group SP e034832 DO 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034832 VO 10 IS 1 A1 Gerry McCartney A1 Lynda Fenton A1 Jon Minton A1 Colin Fischbacher A1 Martin Taulbut A1 Kirsty Little A1 Ciaran Humphreys A1 Andrew Cumbers A1 Frank Popham A1 Robert McMaster YR 2020 UL http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e034832.abstract AB Introduction Mortality rates in many high-income countries have changed from their long-term trends since around 2011. This paper sets out a protocol for testing the extent to which economic austerity can explain the variance in recent mortality trends across high-income countries.Methods and analysis This is an ecological natural experiment study, which will use regression adjustment to account for differences in exposure, outcomes and confounding. All high-income countries with available data will be included in the sample. The timing of any changes in the trends for four measures of austerity (the Alesina-Ardagna Fiscal Index, real per capita government expenditure, public social spending and the cyclically adjusted primary balance) will be identified and the cumulative difference in exposure to these measures thereafter will be calculated. These will be regressed against the difference in the mean annual change in life expectancy, mortality rates and lifespan variation compared with the previous trends, with an initial lag of 2 years after the identified change point in the exposure measure. The role of underemployment and individual incomes as outcomes in their own right and as mediating any relationship between austerity and mortality will also be considered. Sensitivity analyses varying the lag period to 0 and 5 years, and adjusting for recession, will be undertaken.Ethics and dissemination All of the data used for this study are publicly available, aggregated datasets with no individuals identifiable. There is, therefore, no requirement for ethical committee approval for the study. The study will be lodged within the National Health Service research governance system. All results of the study will be published following sharing with partner agencies. No new datasets will be created as part of this work for deposition or curation.