Article Text
Abstract
Objective The objective of this paper was to evaluate the structural validity and convergent validity of the first Portuguese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).
Settings The data sets come from two studies conducted in Portugal, respectively, from the Resilience Effect in Coping with Trauma (RECT) project and from the Health Impact Assessment of Employment Strategies (HIAES) project.
Participants The sample is composed of 476 participants from the RECT project and 405 participants from the HIAES project. In both projects, convenience samples were used.
Measures The original CD-RISC items were translated to Portuguese and were used in a survey along with additional psychosocial and biomedical measures.
Results Independent exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) with each of the two samples revealed that the best solution in both samples had three factors consistent with the self-efficacy, spirituality and social support factors from the original scale. A Confirmatory factor analysis using the two samples together and specifying the three factors from the EFA revealed a good overall fit and, comparatively, better fit than a model specified with the five factors from the original scale. The study of the convergent validity revealed that bivariate correlations between the three factors and validated measures of stress, life satisfaction, mental health and physical health are globally consistent with previous research.
Conclusions This study makes available to the broad Community of Portuguese Language Countries a validated measure of resilience extensively used for research and intervention. The results encourage future studies using this translated version of CD-RISC to explore further the three-factor structure found here and to test the convergent validity with new samples.
- mental health
- resilience
- exploratory factor analysis
- confirmatory factor analysis
- convergent validity
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Footnotes
Contributors JF-A: responsible for the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale translation process; substantial contribution to the conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafting of the work; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work related with the integrity of the data analysis and results reporting; and final approval of the version to be published. Accountable for the following sections: Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. MHdS: substantial contribution to the conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafting of the work; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work related with the integrity of the data analysis and results reporting; and final approval of the version to be published. Accountable for the following sections: Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. MTR: substantial contribution to the conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; revising the work critically; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work related with the integrity of the data analysis and results reporting; and final approval of the version to be published. Accountable for the following sections: Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. SM: substantial contributions to the analysis and interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work and revising it critically; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work related with the integrity of the data analysis and results reporting; and final approval of the version to be published. Accountable for the following sections: Method, Results and Discussion.
Funding The Health Impact Assessment of Employment Strategies project was funded by the Office of the High Commissioner for Health followed by the General Health Direction.
Competing interests None declared.
Ethics approval This research project was reviewed by the Ethical Committee of the University of Lisbon, Faculty of Psychology, which granted authorisation to perform these studies. The second data set, which came from the Health Impact Assessment of Employment Strategies (HIAES) project in Portugal, was approved by two institutional ethical committees, the Ethics Committee for Health of the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge public institute and the Ethics Committee for Health of the Lisbon/North Hospital Centre of Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon. This research was conducted under the Helsinki declaration code of ethics. Ethics approval was obtained for the scientific use of the data in both studies. This involves the usage of the data and publication of the results in thesis and scientific journals.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement Statistical codes and data sets are available from the figshare repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7111676.v1).
Patient consent for publication Not required.