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Nutrition and metabolism
Original research
Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana
  1. Sufyan Bakuri Suara1,
  2. Fereydoun Siassi2,
  3. Mahama Saaka3,
  4. Abbas Rahimi Foroshani4,
  5. Gity Sotoudeh5
  1. 1 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International College, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  2. 2 Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  3. 3 Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
  4. 4 Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
  5. 5 Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
  1. Correspondence to Dr Gity Sotoudeh; gsotodeh{at}tums.ac.ir

Abstract

Objectives The relationships between carbohydrate intake and risk of obesity have been widely investigated. However, there are limited data on the associations between their relative proportions and quality contained in the same diet on risk of obesity, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between an overall Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and general and abdominal obesity in women.

Setting and participants In this cross-sectional study, data from 277 women in Ghana were analysed. Dietary information was obtained from 2-day 24 hours dietary recalls. CQI was calculated from the four indices dietary fibre, Glycaemic Index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.

Outcome measures Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index were measured.

Results After adjusting for covariates, the chance for general obesity (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) and abdominal obesity measured by WC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58) were significantly lower in the topmost quintile of CQI in comparison with the lowest quintile. In addition, the OR for higher WHtR (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) was significantly lower among participants in the fifth quintile of CQI compared with those in the first quintile.

Conclusions The present study demonstrates that there is an inverse association between dietary CQI and both general and abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that CQI may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent obesity.

  • obesity
  • solid carbohydrate
  • liquid carbohydrate
  • carbohydrate quality index

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033038

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors SBS has made substantial contributions to conception and design and has been involved in drafting of the manuscript. GS has made substantial contributions to the design, revised the manuscript critically and given final approval of the version to be submitted. MS has made substantial contributions to conception and revised the manuscript. FS has made substantial contributions to conception and design. ARF has contributed greatly in offering advice on statistical design and analysis.

    • Funding This project was supported by the International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences under grant number 9513475002.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1397.4928) and the Ethics Review Committee of Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana (TTHERC.19/06/18/02).

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request.