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HIV/AIDS
Original research
Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco use among key populations in Togo in 2017: a cross-sectional study
  1. Alexandra Marie Bitty-Anderson1,
  2. Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi2,3,
  3. Pascal Johnson3,
  4. Essèboè K Sewu3,
  5. Claver A Dagnra4,
  6. Mounerou Salou4,
  7. Tetouyaba J Blatome3,
  8. Antoine Jaquet5,6,
  9. Patrick Ahuatchi Coffie1,6,7,
  10. Didier Koumavi Ekouevi1,2,3,5
  1. 1 PACCI Research Center—Site ANRS Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
  2. 2 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
  3. 3 Centre Africain de Recherches en Epidemiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
  4. 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
  5. 5 Department of Public Health, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
  6. 6 Department of Public Health, Institut de Santé Publique Epidémiologie et Développement, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
  7. 7 Dermatologie et Infectiologie, Unite de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Medicales, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
  1. Correspondence to Dr Didier Koumavi Ekouevi; didier.ekouevi{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate alcohol and tobacco use prevalence and their correlates among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DU) in Togo.

Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional bio-behavioural study was conducted among 2115 MSM, FSW and DU in 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling method, in the eight biggest towns of Togo. Selection criteria for the MSM were being male and having had oral or anal intercourse with a man in the previous 12 months; for FSW, being a female and having exchanged sex for money in the previous 12 months; and for DU, consuming heroin, cocaine or hashish for MSM, FSW and DU, respectively. All participants had to be at least 18 years old and residing in the territory for the past 3 months.

Results The prevalence of alcohol consumption, hazardous/harmful consumption and binge drinking was 64.8%, 38.4% and 45.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was reported by 30.6% of participants and HIV prevalence was estimated at 12.5%. DU were more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with other key populations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.8; p=0.001). Participants who were identified as having hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption had almost three times the odds of tobacco consumption than those with no risky consumption (aOR=2.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.4; p=0.001). Hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption was three times more likely among participants with severe psychological distress compared with those with no psychological distress (aOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.2 to 5.1; p=0.001).

Conclusion Findings from this study demonstrate the need for the integration of mental health and substance abuse reduction interventions into HIV prevention programme, particularly those geared towards key populations.

  • alcohol
  • tobacco
  • HIV
  • key populations
  • Sub-Saharan Africa

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028934

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors AMB-A and FAG-K contributed equally to this paper. AMB-A, FAG-K, PAC and DKE conceived and designed the study with inputs from AJ. PJ, EKS, CAD, MS and TJB facilitated data collection and contributed to analysis of the data. AMB-A and FAG-K analyzed, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. PAC, AJ and DKE revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors participated in the revision process and have approved the final version of the manuscript.

    • Funding This work was supported by the Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidemiologie et en Santé Publique (African Center for Epidemiology and Public Health Research) and the Togo National HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Program.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval This study was reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Committee for Research in Health in Togo (CBRS No. 18/2017/CBRS, 22 June 2017). Consent was obtained from each participant prior to administering the survey questions.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement Data are available upon reasonable request. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available.