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Public health
Research
Cross-sectional associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on depression in Japanese older adults: an isotemporal substitution approach
  1. Akitomo Yasunaga1,
  2. Ai Shibata2,
  3. Kaori Ishii3,
  4. Mohammad Javad Koohsari3,4,5,
  5. Koichiro Oka3
  1. 1 Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Bunka Gakuen University, Shibuya-ku, Japan
  2. 2 Faculty Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  3. 3 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
  4. 4 Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
  5. 5 Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
  1. Correspondence to Dr Akitomo Yasunaga; yasunaga{at}bunka.ac.jp

Abstract

Objectives Reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) have been shown to be associated with decreased depression. However, there are yet few studies examining the potential benefits on older adults’ depression, when SB is replaced with PA. This study aimed to examine the associations of objectively assessed SB, light-intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression among a sample of Japanese older adults, and to explore impacts of substituting SB with PA on older adults’ depression.

Design Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting General community.

Participants A total of 276 older adults aged 65–85 years living in Japan.

Main outcome measures Three behaviours including the average daily time spent in SB (≤1.5 METs); LPA (>1.5 to <3.0 METs) and MVPA (≥3.0 METs) per day were calculated by accelerometers. Depression was assessed using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).

Results Less SB (β=0.129, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.243) and more LPA (β=−0.138, 95% CI −0.265 to −0.011) were found to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score in the single-activity model. The isotemporal substitution model found that replacing only 30 min per day of SB with the same amount of LPA to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score (β=−0.131, 95% CI −0.260 to −0.002).

Conclusions These findings indicated that substituting even small amounts of SB with LPA may contribute to less depression in older adults. Potential favourable effects can be observed for replacing only 30 min per day of SB with LPA.

  • Ageing
  • Mental Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Active Lifestyle
  • Sport Siences

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022282

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors All authors contributed equally to this work. KO: study concept and design. AY, AS, KI and KO: data analysis and interpretation and statistical analysis. AY and MJK: drafting of manuscript. AY, MJK and KO: critical revision of manuscript for intellectual content, final approval of version to be published.

    • Funding AY was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant (#15K01534). AS was supported the JSPS KAKENHI Grant (#15K01647). MJK was supported by the JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan (#17716). KO was supported by the MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2015– 2019 the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (S1511017).

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Not required.

    • Ethics approval The study was approved by the Waseda University Institutional Committee on Human Research (2013-265) and the Institutional Review Board of Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences (2012-042).

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement No additional data sharing available.