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  • Perceptions of parents and paediatricians on pain induced by bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture among children with acute leukaemia: a qualitative study in China

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Qualitative research
Research
Perceptions of parents and paediatricians on pain induced by bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture among children with acute leukaemia: a qualitative study in China
  1. Yu Wang1,
  2. Qiang Liu1,
  3. Jia-Ning Yu2,
  4. Hai-Xia Wang3,
  5. Lu-Lu Gao1,
  6. Ya-Liang Dai1,
  7. Xin Jin4,
  8. Feng Zuo2,
  9. Juan Liu1,
  10. Cai-Feng Bai1,
  11. Guo-Xia Mu1,
  12. Xiao-Min Chai1,
  13. Yin-Juan Zhang1,
  14. Yu-Xiang Li1,
  15. Jian-Qiang Yu5
  1. 1 Nursing School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
  2. 2 Department of Paediatric Hematology-Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
  3. 3 Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  4. 4 Neurological Surgery Department, Ningxia People’s Hospital, Yinchuan, China
  5. 5 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
  1. Correspondence to Dr Yu-Xiang Li; li_yuxiang{at}163.com and Jian-Qiang Yu; yjq910315{at}163.com

Abstract

Objective To obtain in-depth insight into the perceptions of parents and paediatricians in China regarding current procedural pain management on bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures in paediatric haemato-oncology department.

Design, setting and participants This qualitative study was conducted in a 4500-bed university hospital in northwest China. To collect data, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with parents of children with acute leukaemia (n=12) and haemato-oncology paediatricians (n=11) using purposive sampling. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results The suffering of procedural pain among paediatric patients was not adequately recognised and properly treated at the paediatric haemato-oncology department. The current paediatric procedural pain management is inadequate for paediatric patients. Crucial factors were identified including lack of awareness about the damage of uncontrolled pain in children, parents’ low supportive ability, the limited capacity to provide general analgesia by anaesthetists, inadequate knowledge in the usage of analgesia and sedation and lack of efficient analgesic for children’s procedural pain. The participants strongly expected optimal interventions to improve paediatric procedural pain management.

Conclusions The result suggested a perceived and actual poor management of paediatric procedural pain in haemato-oncology department in northwest China. A relevant pain management education programme for paediatricians and parents as well as an effective pain medication are urgently needed in northwest China.

Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Identifier: ChiCTR-INR-16007989.

  • qualitative research
  • procedural pain management
  • paediatric oncology

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015727

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors YW, QL, HX W, JN Y, LL G, YL D, XJ, GX M, XM C, YX L and JQ Y contributed to study conception, design, data collection and analyses; YW wrote the first draft of the manuscript; FZ, CF B, JL, YJ Z and YX L helped revise the draft manuscript; all authors reviewed and agreed on the submitted version of the manuscript. YX L and JQ Y are guarantors for the study.

    • Funding The study was supported by Ningxia Plan for Science and Technology Support Foundation (grant no. 2015KJHM39). JN Y has had financial support from Science and Technology Department of Ningxia for the submitted work.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Guardian consent obtained.

    • Ethics approval General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Ethics Service Committee.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement Full transcripts of the interviews and quotes and authorisation of the study are available by email from the corresponding author.