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  • Prevalence of HIV at the Kokoyo informal gold mining site: what lies behind the glitter of gold with regard to HIV epidemics in Mali? A community-based approach (the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional survey)

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Health policy
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Prevalence of HIV at the Kokoyo informal gold mining site: what lies behind the glitter of gold with regard to HIV epidemics in Mali? A community-based approach (the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional survey)
  1. Luis Sagaon-Teyssier1,2,
  2. Hubert Balique2,
  3. Fodié Diallo3,
  4. Nikos Kalampalikis4,
  5. Marion Mora1,2,
  6. Michel Bourrelly1,2,
  7. Marie Suzan-Monti1,2,
  8. Bruno Spire1,2,
  9. Bintou Dembélé Keita3
  1. 1 Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
  2. 2 ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
  3. 3 ARCAD SIDA, Bamako, France
  4. 4 University Lyon 2, Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology Research Group (EA 4163), Mendès-France, Bron, France
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Luis Sagaon-Teyssier; luis.sagaon-teyssier{at}inserm.fr

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this article was to estimate HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV seropositivity in the population living and working at the informal artisanal small-scale gold mining (IASGM) site of Kokoyo in Mali, using data from the Sanu Gundo survey. Our main hypothesis was that HIV prevalence is higher in the context of IASGM than in the country as a whole.

Design The ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo was a cross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. The quantitative survey consisted of face-to-face administration of questionnaires. Five focus groups were conducted for the qualitative survey. HIV prevalence was calculated for the sample, and according to the type of activity performed in IASGM.

Settings The IASGM site of Kokoyo, one of the largest sites in Mali (between 6000 and 1000 people).

Participants 224 respondents: 37.5% were gold-diggers, 33% retail traders, 6.7% tombolomas (ie, traditional guards) and 9% female sex workers. The remaining 13.8% reported another activity (mainly street vending).

Primary and secondary outcome measures HIV prevalence and HIV prevalence according to subgroup, as defined by their activity at the Kokoyo IASGM. A probit logistic regression was implemented to estimate the characteristics associated with HIV seropositivity.

Results HIV prevalence for the total sample was 8% (95% CI 7.7% to 8.3%), which is much higher than the 2015 national prevalence of 1.3%Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The probability of HIV seropositivity was 7.8% (p=0.037) higher for female non-sex workers than for any other category, and this probability increased significantly with age. Qualitative data revealed the non-systematic use of condoms with sex workers; and long distance from health services was the main barrier to accessing care.

Conclusions Integrated policymaking should pay special attention to infectious diseases among populations in IASGM zones. Bringing information/prevention activities closer to people working in gold mining zones is an urgent public health action.

  • epidemiology
  • health policy
  • public health

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016558

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors LST designed and led the study and wrote the first draft of the report. LST, MSM, BS and BDK designed the analysis. LST, HB, NK and FD analysed the data. MM and MB oversaw data management. All authors critically reviewed and approved the manuscript.

    • Funding The Sanu Gundo survey was sponsored and funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) grant ANRS12339 Sanu Gundo.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Ethics approval French (CCTIRS No. 15.917) and Malian (No. 2015/65/CE/FMPOS) ethics committees.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement Full data set and statistical code available from the corresponding author luis.sagaon-teyssier@inserm.fr The presented data are anonymised and risk of identification is null.