Factors associated with comorbidities

The logistic model revealed that male diabetes patients had 1.27 times increased odds of being comorbidities (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.87), as compared with female diabetes patients (table 3). Furthermore, the odds of being comorbidities were 3.32 times and 2.31 times higher among unemployment and non-manual worker participants as compared with participants who were doing labour work (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.92 to 6.02 and OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.91 to 5.82). Also, participants who had monthly family income≤96.5 USD were at 1.89 times increased odds (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.97) of having comorbidities, as compared with participants who had had monthly family income≥193 USD (table 3). The findings also indicate that recommended level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 0.41 times (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.74) reduced odds of being comorbidities compared with their less than recommended level physical activity counterparts, respectively. In addition, in subjects who were current-smoker, the odds of exhibiting comorbidities were 1.68 times (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.74), as compared with non-smoker participants. Participants with uncontrolled blood glucose levels had 1.19 times (OR: 1.19, 95%confidence interval 1.12 to 1.57) higher odds of comorbidities than their counterparts.