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Paediatrics
Protocol
Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol
  1. Brittany J Johnson1,
  2. Kylie E Hunter2,
  3. Rebecca K Golley1,
  4. Paul Chadwick3,
  5. Angie Barba2,
  6. Mason Aberoumand2,
  7. Sol Libesman2,
  8. Lisa Askie2,
  9. Rachael W Taylor4,
  10. Kristy P Robledo2,
  11. Seema Mihrshahi5,
  12. Denise A O'Connor6,7,
  13. Alison J Hayes8,
  14. Luke Wolfenden9,
  15. Charles T Wood10,
  16. Louise A Baur11,
  17. Chris Rissel8,
  18. Lukas P Staub2,
  19. Sarah Taki8,12,
  20. Wendy Smith13,14,
  21. Michelle Sue-See14,
  22. Ian C Marschner2,
  23. David Espinoza2,
  24. Jessica L Thomson15,
  25. Junilla K Larsen16,
  26. Vera Verbestel17,
  27. Cathleen Odar Stough18,
  28. Sarah-Jeanne Salvy19,
  29. Sharleen L O'Reilly20,
  30. Levie T Karssen16,
  31. Finn E Rasmussen21,
  32. Mary Jo Messito22,
  33. Rachel S Gross22,
  34. Maria Bryant23,
  35. Ian M Paul24,
  36. Li Ming Wen8,12,
  37. Kylie D Hesketh25,
  38. Carolina González Acero26,
  39. Karen Campbell25,
  40. Nina Cecilie Øverby27,
  41. Ana M Linares28,
  42. Heather M Wasser29,
  43. Kaumudi J Joshipura30,31,
  44. Cristina Palacios32,
  45. Claudio Maffeis33,
  46. Amanda L Thompson34,35,
  47. Ata Ghaderi36,
  48. Rajalakshmi Lakshman37,
  49. Jinan C Banna38,
  50. Emily Oken39,
  51. Maribel Campos Rivera40,
  52. Ana B Pérez-Expósito41,
  53. Barry J Taylor42,
  54. Jennifer S Savage43,
  55. Margrethe Røed27,
  56. Michael Goran44,
  57. Kayla de la Haye44,
  58. Stephanie Anzman-Frasca45,
  59. Anna Lene Seidler2
  60. On behalf of the Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration
    1. 1Caring Fututures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    2. 2National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    3. 3Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
    4. 4Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
    5. 5Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    6. 6Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    7. 7Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
    8. 8School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    9. 9School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
    10. 10School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
    11. 11The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    12. 12Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
    13. 13Canterbury Community Health Centre, Campsie, New South Wales, Australia
    14. 14Consumer Representative, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    15. 15Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
    16. 16Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
    17. 17Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
    18. 18Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
    19. 19Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California, USA
    20. 20School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
    21. 21Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
    22. 22Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
    23. 23Department of Health Sciences and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, UK
    24. 24College of Medicine, Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
    25. 25Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
    26. 26Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness, Inter- American Development Bank, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
    27. 27Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
    28. 28College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
    29. 29Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
    30. 30Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
    31. 31Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    32. 32Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
    33. 33Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
    34. 34Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, UK
    35. 35Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
    36. 36Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    37. 37Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    38. 38Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
    39. 39Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    40. 40Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puetro Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
    41. 41Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness, Inter- American Development Bank, Washington DC, District of Columbia, USA
    42. 42Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
    43. 43Department of Nutritional Sciences and Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
    44. 44Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
    45. 45Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
    1. Correspondence to Dr Brittany J Johnson; brittany.johnson{at}flinders.edu.au

    Abstract

    Introduction Little is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.

    Methods and analysis Annual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as clinical trial registries. Eligible randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions to prevent childhood obesity commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth will be invited to join the Transforming Obesity in CHILDren Collaboration. Standard ontologies will be used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials provided by trialists. Narrative syntheses will be performed to summarise intervention components and compare applied BCTs by types of target behaviours. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to assess effectiveness of intervention components.

    Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (project no. HREC CIA2133-1). The study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with key stakeholders.

    PROSPERO registration number CRD42020177408.

    • paediatrics
    • community child health
    • preventive medicine
    • public health
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

    This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

    https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048165

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      Footnotes

      • Twitter @brittanyjayne8, @KylieEHunter, @DrSeemaM, @oreillysharleen, @KylieHesketh, @OverbyNina, @LeneSeidler

      • Collaborators Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration: TOPCHILD Collaboration members: Steering Group: Anna Lene Seidler, Kylie Hunter, Brittany Johnson, Rebecca Golley, Lisa Askie, Angie Barba, Mason Aberoumand, Sol Libesman; Advisory Group: Alison Hayes, Charles Wood, Chris Rissel, David Espinoza, Denise O’Connor, Ian Marschner, Kristy Robledo, Louise Baur, Lukas Staub, Luke Wolfenden, Michelle Sue-See, Paul Chadwick, Rachael Taylor, Sarah Taki, Seema Mihrshahi, Wendy Smith, Shonna Yin, Lee Sanders. Trial Representatives (to date): Alison Karasz, Amanda Thompson, Ana Maria Linares, Ana Perez Exposito, Ata Ghaderi, Barry Taylor, Carolina González Acero, Cathleen Odar Stough, Claudio Maffeis, Cristina Palacios, Christine Helle, Eliana Perrin, Emily Oken, Eva Corpeleijn, Finn Rasmussen, Heather Wasser, Hein Raat, Ian Paul, Jennifer Savage, Jessica Thomson, Jinan Banna, Junilla Larsen, Karen Campbell, Kaumudi Joshipura, Kayla de la Haye, Ken Ong, Kylie Hesketh, Levie Karssen, Li Ming Wen, Lynne Daniels, Margrethe Røed, Maria Bryant, Maribel Campos Rivera, Mary Jo Messito, Michael Goran, Nina Øverby, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Gross, Rajalakshmi Lakshman, Russell Rothman, Sarah-Jeanne Salvy, Sharleen O’Reilly, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Vera Verbestel

      • Contributors ALS together with KEH, BJJ, LA and RG conceived the idea for the study. BJJ, KEH, ALS, RG and LA developed the research question and protocol registration. BJJ wrote the first draft of the manuscript. KEH, BJJ, ALS, RG and LA developed the eligibility criteria and KEH developed the search strategy. KEH, MA, AB, BJJ, SL and ALS performed the search and screening. BJJ, PC, RG developed the coding procedure. AH, CTW, CR, DE, DAO’C, IM, KPR, LAB, LPS, LWo, MS-S, PC, RT, ST, SM and WS provided critical review and feedback at each stage of the process. BJJ, KEH, RG, PC, AB, MA, SL, LA, RT, KPR, SM, DAO’C, AH, LWo, CTW, LAB, CR, LPS, ST, WS, MS-S, IM, DE, JLT, JL, VV, CS, S-JS, SO’R, LTK, FER, MJM, RSG, MB, IMP, LWe, KDH, CGA, KC, NCØ, AML, HW, KJ, CP, CM, AT, AG, RL, JB, EO, MR, AP-E, BJT, JS, MR, MG, KdlH, SA-F and ALS critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content, and agreed and approved the final manuscript. BJJ is the guarantor of the manuscript.

      • Funding This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Ideas Grant TOPCHILD (Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren): Looking into the black box of interventions (GNT1186363). AT reports funding from NIH R01HD073237; AML reports funding from NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science through grant # UL1TR000117 and UL1TR001998; BJT reports funding from Health Research Council of New Zealand; CGA reports funding from The PepsiCo Foundation; CP reports funding from National Institutes of Health, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, WHO, US Department of Agriculture; CS reports funding from University of Cincinnati University Research Council; DAOC is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Translating Research into Practice Fellowship (APP1168749); EO reports the PROBIT study was supported by grant MOP-53155 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and grant R01 HD050758 from the US National Institutes of Health; IMP reports funding from grant R01DK088244 from the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; JB reports funding from US Department of Agriculture; JL and LTK reports funding from Fonds NutsOhra awarded (100.939); JS reports funding from NIH NIDDK, NIH NHLBI, PCORI; JLT is an employee of USDA ARS and the Agency did fund the Delta Healthy Sprouts Trial (Project 6401-5300-003-00D); KdlH reports funding from 1R01HD092483-01 (MPI: de la Haye, Salvy), NIH/NICHD; KDH is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT130100637); LMW reports funding from NHMRC (#393112; #1003780; #1169823); LWo is supported by a NHMRC Career Development and NHF Future Leader Fellowship; MB reports HAPPY was funded by a UK NIHR Programme Grant for Applied Research (project number RP-PG-0407-10044); MR reports The Baby Act Trial was sponsored by the Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities under grant U54 MD007600 of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities from the National Institutes of Health; MJM reports funding from USDA AFRI 2011-68001-30207; NCØ reports their original study was partly funded by the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association, who had no influence on any part of the study design, implementation and evaluation; RG is a Chief Investigator on the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence (1101675); RSG is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture/US Department of Agriculture, award number 2011-68001-30207, and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development through a K23 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23HD081077; principal investigator: Rachel S. Gross); RL reports funding from UK NPRI (National Prevention Research Initiative), MRC PHIND (Public Health Intervention Development programme); SO'R reports funding from European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement no. 847984) and Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (Grant application no. APP1194234); S-JS reports funding from NIMHD U54MD000502 (MPI: Salvy & Dutton Project #2), NICHD R01HD092483 (MPI: Salvy & de la Haye); SA-F is a co-investigator on the current INSIGHT grant which follows participants to ages 6 and 9: NIH 2R01DK088244; AP-E reports the SPOON program in Guatemala is funded by the Inter-American Development Bank with donations of The Government of Japan and The PepsiCo Foundation.

      • Disclaimer Funders had no role in developing this protocol. Individual authors declare the following funding

      • Competing interests AB, ALS, BJJ, KEH, MA, RG, SL and LPS reports grants from NHMRC Ideas Grant TOPCHILD (Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren) (GNT1186363); APE and CGA reports grants administered by the Inter-American Development Bank from The Government of Japan and The PepsiCo Foundation; AT reports grants from National Institute of Health; BJT reports grants from NZ Health Research Council; EO reports grants from the US National Institutes of Health, and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research; IMP reports grants from NIH/NIDDK; JS reports grants from PCORI, NIH NIDDK and NHLBI, and personal fees from Danone Organic, American Academy of Pediatrics and Lets Move Maine; LTK and JL reports grants from Fonds NutsOhra; MR reports grants from National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities-National Institutes of Health/Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, and personal fees from Rhythm Pharmaceuticals; RSG reports grants from US Department of Agriculture and NIH/NICHD.

      • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

      • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.

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