Article Text

Original research
Development and psychometric testing of the FLW-MSC scale for measuring frontline worker multisectoral collaboration in rural India
  1. Douglas Glandon1,
  2. Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos2,3,
  3. Shivam Gupta1,
  4. Jill Marsteller4,
  5. Ligia Paina1,
  6. Sara Bennett1
  1. 1International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  2. 2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  3. 3Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  4. 4Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Douglas Glandon; dmglandon{at}jhu.edu

Abstract

Objectives Multisectoral collaboration (MSC) is widely recognised as a critical aspect of policies, programmes and interventions addressing complex public health issues, yet it is undertheorised and difficult to measure. Limited understanding of the intermediate steps linking MSC formation to intended health outcomes leaves a substantial knowledge gap about the types of strategies that may be most effective in making such collaborations successful. This paper, which reports the quantitative strand of a broader mixed-methods study, takes a step toward filling in this ‘missing middle’ of MSC evaluation by developing and testing the FLW-MSC scale, an instrument to assess collaboration among the frontline workers of one of India’s largest and most widely known MSCs: the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme.

Design This study involved development, field-testing and psychometric testing of an 18-item, Likert-type frontline worker collaboration scale, including internal consistency, construct validity and criterion validity.

Setting Village-level primary healthcare in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.

Participants 281 anganwadi workers, 266 accredited social health activists and 124 auxiliary nurse midwives selected based on random sampling of anganwadi catchment areas from 346 gram panchayats (GPs), including 173 intervention GPs and 173 pair-matched control GPs from a parent evaluation study.

Results Results support the scale’s internal consistency (ordinal α=0.92–0.95), construct validity (reasonable exploratory factor analysis model fit for five of the six dyadic relationships Tucker-Lewis Index=0.84–0.88; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation=0.09–0.11), and criterion validity (regression of collaboration score on an information-sharing indicator β=3.528; p=0.006).

Conclusions The scale may be useful for ICDS managers to detect and address poor collaboration as the Indian government redoubles its efforts to strengthen and monitor MSC, or ‘convergence’, with important implications for the critical priority of child development. Further, the FLW-MSC scale may be adapted for measuring frontline worker collaboration across sectors in many other scenarios and low/middle-income country contexts.

  • public health
  • nutrition
  • organisation of health services
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Footnotes

  • Twitter @dmglandon

  • Contributors DG—conceptualisation, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing) and project administration. J-ML—conceptualisation, methodology, software, writing (review and editing) and visualisation. SG—conceptualisation, investigation, resources, writing (review and editing), supervision, project administration and funding acquisition. JM—conceptualisation, methodology and writing (review and editing). LP—conceptualisation and writing (review and editing). SB—conceptualisation, writing (review and editing) and supervision.

  • Funding Project Samuday, HCL Foundation Grant #124 005.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Data availability statement Data are available upon reasonable request. Deidentified participant data are available upon reasonable request. Contact: dmglandon@jhu.edu.

  • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.