Background Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis has been introduced in more than 70 countries,
including many in sub-Saharan Africa, but women experience considerable barriers to daily …

Background Malawi, which has about 80 000 deaths from AIDS every year, made free
antiretroviral therapy available to more than 80 000 patients between 2004 and 2006. We …

Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted αβ T cells are necessary for protective immunity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the ability to broadly study these responses has been …

Abstract Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a marked increase in the
interferon (IFN)–γ response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (Mtb …

Background. BCG vaccination of infants is thought to provide good protection in all settings.
This study investigated whether Malawian infants made weaker responses across a cytokine …

Background. Rotavirus vaccines have been introduced in many low-income African
countries including Malawi in 2012. Despite early evidence of vaccine impact, determining …

Background Malawi introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and monovalent
rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in 2011 and 2012 respectively, and is planning the introduction of a …

Background Rotavirus is a major contributor to child mortality. The effect of rotavirus vaccine
on diarrhoea mortality has been estimated in middle-income but not low-income settings …

Objectives Developing countries are undergoing demographic transition with a shift from
high mortality caused by communicable diseases (CD) to lower mortality rates caused by …

Background. Rotavirus vaccination reduces childhood hospitalization in Africa, but cost-
effectiveness has not been determined using real-world effectiveness and costing data. We …