This study examined the effect of three interventions for encouraging women to have a Pap smear in a general practice: tagging the medical record to remind the doctor to offer a Pap smear, sending an invitation to make an appointment for a Pap smear, and sending an invitation with an appointment to attend for a Pap smear at a special screening clinic staffed by women. The study took place in a university general practice at Lockridge, near Perth. A computerised practice age-sex register provided 2139 women in the age range 36 to 69 inclusive. Of these, 757 were eligible for inclusion in the study and were allocated randomly to one of three intervention groups or a control group. In total, 177 women had a Pap smear during the study. Significantly more Pap smears were taken for the appointment-letter and letter-only groups than the control group (odds ratio (OR) 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34 to 3.57, and OR 1.67, CI 1.01 to 2.77 respectively), but there was no significant difference between the tagged-notes and the control groups. Women who attended the screening clinic rated the experience positively. Attendance, however, was inadequate for the clinic's viability in a private practice.