Septic shock is an infrequent but not uncommon oncologic emergency. An understanding of the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current issues in the management of septic shock can contribute to better patient care through early recognition and prompt and knowledgeable intervention. This article reviews the epidemiology, predisposing risk factors, causative organisms, and pathophysiology of septic shock. Medical and nursing interventions illustrate the necessary teamwork involved in managing this life-threatening problem. Investigational approaches are discussed as well as the importance of identifying at-risk patients and initiating preventative measures.