Objectives: To validate maternal recognition of neonatal illnesses at home compared to assessment by community health workers (CHWs) during routine household surveillance for neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh.
Methods: Surveillance in the intervention arm of two cluster-randomized, controlled trials of newborn interventions conducted in Sylhet and Mirzapur districts of Bangladesh. CHWs promoted birth and newborn care preparedness during two prenatal visits, including recognition of neonatal illnesses. CHWs assessed 8472 neonates on post-natal days 0, 3, and 6 between 2004 and 2005 in Sylhet, and 7587 neonates on post-natal days 0, 2, 5, and 8 between 2004 and 2006 in Mirzapur. In both sites, CHW identified neonates with very severe disease (VSD), using clinical algorithms that included ascertainment of illness history reported by mother and observation of clinical signs of illness. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of maternal report of any illness sign compared to CHWs' assessments and classification of VSD. Analysis was restricted to mothers whose neonates were assessed by CHWs at home during the routine visit schedule.
Results: Maternal report of any signs had sensitivity of 24% and 20% and positive predictive value of 45% and 54% in Sylhet and Mirzapur, respectively.
Conclusions: Maternal recognition of neonatal illnesses at home was poor in two rural areas in Bangladesh. Interventions need to be designed to improve maternal recognition, and routine post-natal assessment by CHWs at home may be an essential component of community-based newborn care to improve care-seeking for newborn illness.