New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs

J Hypertens. 2006 Jan;24(1):3-10. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000194119.42722.21.

Abstract

Observational studies have provided evidence that a consistent fraction (approximately 15-20%) of hypertensive patients displays a glucose intolerance state that may be aggravated by antihypertensive drug regimens based on thiazide diuretics or beta-blockers. This review examines the relative and absolute diabetogenic effects of antihypertensive drugs, by comparing the impact of 'new' (calcium antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists) versus 'old' (diuretics and beta-blockers) drugs on new-onset diabetes in recent clinical trials. Evidence is provided that compared with diuretics and beta-blockers, new-onset diabetes is less common with 'new' drugs, and that conventional antihypertensive compounds, particularly when combined together, may amplify the natural time-dependent tendency towards the development of this metabolic disease. This paper provides new insights into the potential mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon and the clinical significance of antihypertensive drug-induced diabetes.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / adverse effects
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / therapeutic use
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Antihypertensive Agents / adverse effects*
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Calcium Channel Blockers / therapeutic use
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / chemically induced*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology
  • Diuretics / adverse effects
  • Diuretics / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / drug therapy*
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Incidence
  • Prediabetic State / physiopathology
  • Prognosis
  • Risk
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Diuretics