The possible consequences of sick leave can be measured at different levels in society. This chapter focuses on the consequences from the perspective of the sick-listed individual. Sick leave may have both positive and negative consequences for the individual, e.g. regarding disease, health, working life, social life, lifestyle, and emotional aspects. Some of these factors have been investigated in different studies. However, scientific evidence is insufficient since there are too few studies on the consequences of sickness absence and disability pension. The lack of relevant studies is the most striking observation from the review of studies on the consequences of being sick listed.