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Animal-assisted activity and emotional status of patients with Alzheimer's disease in day care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2011

Enrico Mossello ,
Alessandro Ridolfi ,
Anna Maria Mello ,
Giulia Lorenzini ,
Francesca Mugnai ,
Carolina Piccini ,
Domenico Barone ,
Anna Peruzzi ,
Giulio Masotti  and
Niccolò Marchionni
Enrico Mossello*
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Alessandro Ridolfi
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Anna Maria Mello
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Giulia Lorenzini
Affiliation:
Foundation “Istituto Andrea Devoto”, Florence, Italy
Francesca Mugnai
Affiliation:
Association “Antropozoa” Onlus, Florence, Italy
Carolina Piccini
Affiliation:
Alzheimer Day Care Center “Luigi Amaducci”, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Domenico Barone
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Anna Peruzzi
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Giulio Masotti
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Niccolò Marchionni
Affiliation:
Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Enrico Mossello, Unit of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy. Phone: +39 0554271470, Fax: +39 0554271458. Email: enrico.mossello@unifi.it.
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Abstract

Background: Preliminary studies suggest beneficial effects of animal-assisted activities (AAA) on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), but data are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the effect of AAA with dogs on cognition, BPSD, emotional status and motor activity in severe Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Ten patients attending an Alzheimer Day Care Center (ADCC) participated in a repeated measures study, which included: two weeks' pre-intervention, three weeks' control activity with plush dogs (CA), and three weeks' AAA. Cognitive function (Severe Impairment Battery), mood (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; CSDD), BPSD (Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NPI) and agitation (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory; CMAI) were assessed at baseline and after each period. Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) for emotional status, Agitated Behavior Mapping Instrument (ABMI) and a checklist for motor activity were completed across the study periods, both during intervention sessions and after three hours.

Results: Cognition and NPI were unchanged across the study. Declines in the CMAI and CSDD scores after AAA were not significant, while the NPI anxiety item score decreased in comparison with CA (CA 3.1±2.3, AAA 1.5±2.7, p = 0.04). OERS “sadness” decreased (p = 0.002), while “pleasure” (p = 0.016) and “general alertness” (p = 0.003) increased during AAA compared with CA sessions, and observed sadness remained lower after three hours (p = 0.002). Motor activity increased significantly during AAA.

Conclusion: In this sample of severe AD patients in ADCC, AAA was associated with a decrease in anxiety and sadness and an increase in positive emotions and motor activity in comparison with a control activity.

Keywords

dementiaemotionsanimal-assisted therapybehavioral symptomsbehavioral disciplines and activitiesphysical therapy modalitiesdepressionpet therapy
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , August 2011 , pp. 899 - 905
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2011

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