Original articleSchool Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber
Section snippets
Sample and procedure
Self-report data on bullying were collected from 7,508 adolescents in the 2005/2006 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in the United States. HBSC is a World Health Organization collaborative cross-national study examining health behaviors among children and their social determinants [17]. To obtain a nationally representative sample with controllable estimation errors, the US sampling design was a three-stage stratified design with an oversample of African-American and
Sample characteristics
Among the 7,508 adolescents who completed the survey with the bully/victim items, 326 were excluded because of missing information on variables included in the current study (4.3%: 1.0% missing on demographic variables, 2.1% missing on parental or peer variables, and additional 1.2% missing on bully-victim items), resulting in an analytic sample of 7,182 (95.7%). The sample consisted of 47.8% males, 42.6% Caucasian Americans, 18.2% African-Americans, and 26.4% Hispanic Americans. The mean age
Discussion
Findings indicate high prevalence rates of having bullied others or having been bullied at school for at least once in the last 2 months: 20.8% physically, 53.6% verbally, 51.4% socially, or 13.6% electronically. After categorizing respondents into four categories (bullies, victims, bully-victims, and noninvolved), we found that adolescents with higher parental support reported less involvement in all four forms of bullying while having more friends was associated with more bullying (bullies)
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration.
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