ResearchResearch and Professional BriefDietary Quality and Associated Factors among Adults Living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Section snippets
Design and Study Population
The data for this study came from a dietary survey in regions of the State of São Paulo. This dietary study forms part of the Health Survey of the State of São Paulo (Household Health Survey), which is a multicenter and multi-institutional project that collected health data from four geographical areas: the southwestern sector of the Greater São Paulo region (municipalities of Taboão da Serra, Embu, and Itapecerica), the Butantã district of the city of São Paulo, and the municipalities of
Results
The study included 3,454 individuals that were representative of a population of 1,213,065 inhabitants living in the four geographical areas studied. The mean age was 41.06 years (standard error=0.60) for men and 41.25 years (standard error=0.51) for women.
The majority of the study population was of white ethnic origin, and the proportions of men and women were very similar. Almost 13% of the sample studied was composed of individuals ages 60 years and over. Around 44% of the individuals were
Discussion
The purpose of this study was to measure the quality of the diet and associated factors among adults living in four geographical areas. The results suggested that the quality of the diet was in general inadequate and was related to the socioeconomic conditions, age, nutritional state, and lifestyle.
In our study, the mean HEI score was 60.4 points. In other words, 60.4% of the maximum score was achieved, thus indicating the need to improve the quality of the diet. Rafferty and colleagues (13),
R. M. Fisberg is associate professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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2015, Nutrition ResearchCitation Excerpt :Milk and dairy products are foods with significant nutritional and health benefits, contributing to a greater source of different dietary nutrients, especially calcium [7–9], and dairy intake is associated with improved bone health, a reduced risk of developing osteoporosis [10] and the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease [11]. However, despite its benefits and incentives by the Ministry of Health to increase its consumption [40], national studies have reported low intake of dairy products by the population [33,41,42], which could explain the high prevalence of inadequate nutritional intake in the Brazilian population, especially with regard to calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins A and D [2–4]. This study has limitations because it is a cross-sectional design and does not allow for the determination of the causality of events because exposure and factors are evaluated at the same time.
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R. M. Fisberg is associate professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
J. M. Morimoto is assistant lecturer, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Methodist University, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.
B. Slater is lecturer, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
M. Berti de Azevedo Barros is lecturer, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Campinas, Brazil.
L. Carandina and M. Goldbaum are lecturers, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the State of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
M. do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre and C. Luiz Galvão César are full professors, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.