Clinical InvestigationCardiovascular Risk Assessment by Cardiovascular UltrasoundLow Cardiovascular Risk Is Associated with Favorable Left Ventricular Mass, Left Ventricular Relative Wall Thickness, and Left Atrial Size: The CARDIA Study
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Methods
Details regarding the overall design, recruitment, and overall methods of the CARDIA study have been previously published.19 The CARDIA study is a longitudinal study of acquisition of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults recruited at age 18 to 30 years. The cohort was selected from the general population to include black and white men and women, about half of whom had more than a high school education and half had less. The year 25 examination will occur in 2010 and 2011. In year 5, of
Results
The distribution of echocardiographic parameters in the total sample and stratified by sex is reported in Table 1. All of the echocardiographic parameters were smaller in women compared with men.
Blacks were less likely to have low optimal health status. For the entire group with nonoptimal health status, blood pressure was 5.3/3.9 mm Hg higher, BMI was 3.4 kg/m2 higher, treadmill duration was 3 minutes less, and self-reported physical activity was 75 exercise units less.
Univariate correlates of
Discussion
Low cardiovascular disease risk profiles (ie, optimal health status) were associated with lower LV mass, better LV relative wall thickness, and lower LA diameter in the present study. Although longitudinal population-based data on echocardiographic measures are limited, this study suggests that maintaining optimal BMI, blood pressure, nonsmoking status, and physical fitness for the first 3 to 4 decades of life minimizes adverse differences in echocardiographic measures of risk. With aging,
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2023, Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationThe Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study: JACC Focus Seminar 8/8
2021, Journal of the American College of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Numerous investigations have documented antecedent RFs and risk markers for development of adverse left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Among those factors found to be associated with echocardiographic outcomes in CARDIA are as follows: self-identified race (18); obesity/adiposity (19–21), duration of obesity and patterns of obesity, and weight gain over time; insulin resistance and glycemia patterns as well as diabetes and duration of diabetes (22,23); nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (24); baseline and cumulative BP exposures (25), as well as long-term visit-to-visit BP variability (26); renal function (27); menopause (28); alcohol intake (29); and level of composite CVH (30,31). Using echocardiographic data from Years 5, 25, and 30, CARDIA investigators recently defined normative age-related changes (32,33).
Resting heart rate in late adolescence and long term risk of cardiovascular disease in Swedish men
2018, International Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Among 4059 young adults participating in the CARDIA-study, baseline RHR was inversely associated with left ventricular mass (LVM) and left atrial dimension [27]. At 25-year follow up, longitudinal increases in RHR were inversely associated with LVM, but not with relative wall thickness [28]. However, measurements of ventricular function are generally normal in trained athletes, while early signs of pathology such as impaired global longitudinal strain [29] and diastolic dysfunction can be found among patients with hypertension [30].
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function: The cooper center longitudinal study
2014, JACC: Heart FailureCitation Excerpt :Taken together, these data suggest that diastolic dysfunction might play a significant role in predisposing subjects with low mid-life fitness to a higher risk for HFpEF at a later age. Whereas self-reported physical activity has previously been associated with higher LV mass and larger LV end-diastolic volume (25–28), there are few studies that have comprehensively addressed the association between measured fitness and echocardiographic measures of LV structure and function in middle-aged adults (29). To our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the association between measured cardiorespiratory fitness and echocardiographic measures of both LV structure and function in a large cohort of healthy, asymptomatic, middle-aged adults not referred for exercise testing.
LV mass assessed by echocardiography and CMR, cardiovascular outcomes, and medical practice
2012, JACC: Cardiovascular ImagingGender-Related Differences in Left Ventricular Mass in Nonhypertensive Young Adults: It's Not All About Size
2012, Canadian Journal of Cardiology
Work on this report was supported (or partially supported) by contracts University of Alabama at Birmingham, Coordinating Center, N01-HC-95095 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Field Center, N01-HC-48047 University of Minnesota, Field Center, N01-HC-48048 Northwestern University, Field Center, N01-HC-48049 Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, and N01-HC-48050 University of California, Irvine, Echocardiography Reading Center.