Original reportsSystematic Errors in Middle-Aged Women's Estimates of Energy Intake: Comparing Three Self-Report Measures to Total Energy Expenditure from Doubly Labeled Water
Section snippets
Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms
24HR = 24-hour diet recall interview
7DDR = seven-day dietary recall
BMI = body mass index [weight (kg)/ height (m)2]
BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
CI = confidence interval
DLW = doubly labeled water
EI = energy intake
FFQ = food frequency questionnaire
FM = fat mass
FFM = fat-free mass
FQ = food quotient
LTPA = leisure-time physical activity
MCSD = Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale
METS = metabolic equivalents (equal to 1 kcal/ kg body mass)
MLAM = Martin-Larsen Approval
Subjects/Methods of Recruitment
Eighty-one women aged 40 to 65 years were recruited for the study between June and October 1997 from two main sources, the University of Massachusetts —Memorial Medical Center and the general population of Worcester and surrounding communities. In the Medical Center community, recruitment was done by posting flyers in the hospital and by advertising in the hospital newsletter. Other subjects were recruited via local newspaper advertisements. Eligible women were free of major medical conditions,
Results
Descriptive statistics for the 80 subjects used in this report are shown in Table 1, Table 2. Most women were White, non-Hispanic, reflecting the Worcester, MA population in general. Slightly more than half were premenopausal. They were well educated, predominantly sedentary in their leisure-time, and non-smoking. Two women had values from both the FFQ and 7DDR that exceeded the nominal upper limit of EI. Additionally, one woman exceeded the nominal upper limit of EI on the FFQ and one on the
Discussion
Two of the most common sources of response bias studied in the psychological literature are social approval and social desirability. Social desirability, the tendency of an individual to convey an image in keeping with social norms and to avoid criticism in a “testing” situation 39, 40 was hypothesized, a priori, to be associated with underestimation of EI as reported by women using structured dietary assessment questionnaires 1, 2. In general, high scorers on the MCSD are far more likely to
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK 52079-02 to the University of Massachusetts Medical School (J.R. Hebert, P.I.).
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