Cytogenetic activities of a triazine herbicide in root tips of Allium cepa and Vicia faba

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(83)90165-9

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology

Volume 117, Issues 1–2, April 1983, Pages 173-182

https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(83)90165-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

The cytogenetic effects of various treatments with aventox SC, a triazine herbicide containing simazine and trietazine, were investigated in Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Actively growing root tips of both plants were treated with 3 concentrations of the herbicide for 3, 6 and 24 h. The 3-h treatments caused an increase in mitotic index (MI), but 24-h treatments markedly reduced the mitotic activity. All treatments caused an imbalance in the frequency of mitotic phases. Aventox SC produced a number of mitotic abnormalities resulting from an action on the spindle apparatus. These were C-metaphase and C-anaphase configurations, lagging chromosomes and multipolar anaphases and telophases. This herbicide also induced chromosomal stickiness and chromosomal aberrations comprising bridges and breakage, which indicate an action on the chromosomes. These aberrations indicate a mutagenic potential of the tested herbicide and point out the need for mutagenicity testing of agricultural chemicals.

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Vicia faba bioassay for environmental toxicity monitoring: A review
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Citation Excerpt :
Among CA's, chromosomal fragments and breaks were appeared frequently, whereas only C-metaphase was the prevalent mitotic aberration. Badr (1983) reported the cytogenetic effects of aventox SC-a triazine. Growing roots were treated with different concentrations of aventox SC-a triazine for 24 h.
Higher plants are recognized as excellent genetic models to detect cytogenetic and mutagenic agents and are frequently used in environmental monitoring studies. Vicia faba (V. faba) bioassay have been used to study DNA damages i.e., chromosomal and nuclear aberrations induced by metallic compounds, pesticides, complex mixtures, petroleum derivates, toxins, nanoparticles and industrial effluents. The main advantages of using V. faba is its availability round the year, economical to use, easy to grow and handle; its use does not require sterile conditions, rate of cell division is fast, chromosomes are easy to score, less expensive and more sensitive as compared to other short-term tests that require pre-preparations. The V. faba test offers evaluation of different endpoints and tested agents can be classified as cytotoxic/genotoxic/mutagenic. This test also provides understanding about mechanism of action, whether the tested agent is clastogenic or aneugenic in nature. In view of advantages offered by V. faba test system, it is used extensively to assess toxic agents and has been emerged as an important bioassay for ecotoxicological studies. Based on the applications of V. faba test to assess the environmental quality, this article offers an overview of this test system and its efficiency in assessing the cytogenetic and mutagenic agents in different classes of the environmental concerns.
An evaluation of the genotoxic properties of herbicides following plant and animal activation
1984, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology
Commercial and technical grades of 11 herbicides and 13 combinations of commercial grade herbicides were evaluated for their genotoxic properties with Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly and following plant and animal activation, or with Zea mays. The herbicides were related by their use in commercial corn (maize) production. Commercial grade formulations of each herbicide and combination of herbicides were also evaluated in situ with the pollen waxy locus assay of Z. mays. Eradicane and bifenox were negative in all assays. Alachlor, propachlor, procyazine and SD50093 (a formulation of cyanazine plus atrazine) were positive in one assay. Cyanazine, dicamba and metolachlor were positive in 2 assays. Atrazine, simazine and butylate were tested only in situ. Atrazine and simazine were positive and butylate was negative. Of the combinations of herbicides evaluated with the 3 genetic assays, alachlor plus bifenox and procyazine plus metolachlor were positive in 1 assay and metolachlor plus atrazine was positive in 2 assays. Of the combinations of herbicides evaluated only in situ, butylate plus atrazine, eradicane plus atrazine, eradicane plus cyanazine and metolachlor plus cyanazine were positive while butylate plus cyanazine was negative.
Modulation of atrazine-induced chromosomal aberrations and cyclin-dependent kinases by aqueous extract of Roylea cinerea (D.Don) Baillon leaves in Allium cepa
2022, Scientific Reports
Genotoxic effect of saccharin on Allium cepa root tips
2021, Biologia
Clastogenic and Mutagenic Effect Induced by Some Fast Foods
2021, Alexandria Science Exchange Journal
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Early Growth and Cell Division in Roots of Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
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Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology

Abstract

References (27)

Antimitotic substances

Int. Rev. Cytol.

The influence of post treatment, washing and redrying of barley seeds on the mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea

Radiation Bot.

Root tips of Vicia faba for the study of the induction of chromosomal aberrations

Mutation Res.

Mutagenic potential of green chilies

Cytologia

Cytological effects of pesticides

Cytological effects of pesticides

Cytotoxic effects of the herbicide nitralin in Allium cepa root tips

Delta J. Sci.

Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in Allium cepa

Cytologia

Antimitotic and chromotoxic activities of isoproturon in Allium cepa and Hordeum vulgare

Environ. Exptl. Botany

Effect of diallate and triallate on wild oat and wheat cells

Weed Sci.

Chromosome aberrations as a measure of mutagenesis: Comparisons in vivo and in vitro and in somatic and germ cells

Environ. Hlth. Persp.

Effect of 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on mitosis in Allium cepa

Bot. Gaz.

Effect de la trifluralin sur les méristèmes radiculaires d'Allium sativum

Cytologia

Cited by (20)

Vicia faba bioassay for environmental toxicity monitoring: A review

An evaluation of the genotoxic properties of herbicides following plant and animal activation

Modulation of atrazine-induced chromosomal aberrations and cyclin-dependent kinases by aqueous extract of Roylea cinerea (D.Don) Baillon leaves in Allium cepa

Genotoxic effect of saccharin on Allium cepa root tips

Clastogenic and Mutagenic Effect Induced by Some Fast Foods

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Early Growth and Cell Division in Roots of Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.)