Spinal muscle in scoliosis: Part 2. The proportion and size of Type 1 and Type 2 skeletal muscle fibres measured using a computer-controlled microscope☆
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Management of Scoliosis
2018, Advances in PediatricsCitation Excerpt :Other theories propose that an imbalance of paravertebral musculature is the major contributing force. Numerous studies have demonstrated action potential differences, varying levels of neuronal activity in stabilizing muscles, and differences in skeletal muscle fiber composition along the spine [37–40]. Hormonal differences may explain, in part, the female predominance in AIS [41].
Nerve growth factor and estrogen receptor mRNA expression in paravertebral muscles of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary study
2015, Spine DeformityCitation Excerpt :Genetic factors, melatonin, connective tissue abnormalities, abnormalities in skeletal muscles including the paravertebral muscles, thrombocyte abnormalities, neurological mechanisms, growth imbalance, and biomechanical factors have been implicated in the etiology [2]. Paravertebral muscle abnormalities or imbalance has been investigated since 1976, when Spencer and Eccles [3] reported decreased type 2 fibers in the paravertebral muscles of AIS patients. In the same year, Fidler and Jowett [4] reported an increased proportion of type 1 fibers in the multifidus muscle on the convex side compared with the concave side, which was since verified by other researchers [5,6].
Spine Disorders: Implications for Bioengineers
2006, Spine Technology Handbook
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M. J. E. has been generously supported by the Science Research Council, and has at various times been in receipt of, a Keddey-Fletcher Warr Studentship, a Hazel Clifford Studentship and a grant from the Smith, Kline and French Foundation. G.S.G.S. is grateful for financial support provided by the Brompton Hospital Research Fund.