Skip to main content
Log in

Smoking increases failure rate of operation for established non-union of the scaphoid bone

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Orthopaedics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the operative treatment of established non-union of the carpal scaphoid. Case notes and radiographs of patients undergoing bone grafting and screw fixation of scaphoid non-unions were reviewed. There were 34 patients that had undergone 37 operations for established non-union of the carpal scaphoid bone. There were two female patients, and the average age was 26.8 years (range 13.4 years to 52.9 years). The median delay to operation was 11.9 months. The overall success rate of the operation (internal fixation and autologous bone grafting) was 59.5% (22/37), but there was a significant association between non-union and smoking (P=0.02 for Fisher’s exact test). In non-smokers (n=17) the success rate was 82.4%, but this dropped to 40.0% among smokers (P<0.01). We concluded that smoking was significantly associated with failure of operative treatment of established non-union of the scaphoid bone.

Résumé

Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de la cigarette dans le traitement chirurgical des pseudarthroses du scaphoïde carpien. Méthode nous avons revu les dossiers cliniques et radiographiques des patients devant bénéficier d’une greffe et d’un vissage pour une pseudarthrose du scaphoïde. Résultats : 34 patients ont bénéficié de 37 opérations pour une pseudarthrose du scaphoïde carpien. Il s’agissait de deux sujets de sexe féminin, les autres patients étant de sexe masculin, la moyenne d’âge étant de 26,8 ans (13.4 à 52.9). Le délai moyen de réintervention a été de 11.9 mois. Le taux de bons résultats (fixation interne et greffe autologue) a été de 59.5% (22/37) mais il a été mis en évidence une relation significative entre le taux de pseudarthrose et le nombre de sujets fumeurs (p=0.02 thèse de Fisher). Chez les sujets non fumeur, n=17, le taux de succès a été de 82.4%, alors qu’il n’est que de 40% chez les fumeurs. En conclusion, la cigarette peut être associée avec un taux d’échec du traitement chirurgical des pseudarthroses du scaphoïde.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adams CI, Keating JF, Court-Brown CM (2001) Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures. Injury 32:61–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Christodoulou LS, Kitsis CK, Chamberlain ST (2001) Internal fixation of scaphoid non-union: a comparative study of three methods. Injury 32:625–630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Davies HTO, Crombie IK, Tavakoli M (1998) When can odds ratios mislead? BMJ 316:989–991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dias JJ, Brenkel IJ, Finlay DBL (1989) Patterns of union in fractures of the waist of the scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Br 71:307–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Filan SL, Herbert TJ (1996) Herbert screw fixation of scaphoid fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 78:519–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Furlong AJ, Giannoudis PV, DeBoer P, Matthews SJ, MacDonald DA, Smith RM (1999) Exchange nailing for femoral shaft aseptic non-union. Injury. 30:245–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gelberman RH, Wolock BS, Siegel DB (1989) Fractures and non-unions of the carpal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:1560–1565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Inoue G, Shionoya K, Kuwahata Y (1997) Herbert screw fixation for scaphoid nonunions. An analysis of factors influencing outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 343:99–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kyro A, Usenius JP, Aarnio M, Kunnamo I, Avikainen V (1993) Are smokers a risk group for delayed healing of tibial shaft fractures? Ann Chir Gynaecol 824:254–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. London PS (1961) The broken scaphoid: the case against pessimism. J Bone Joint Surg Br 43:237–244

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nakamura R, Horii E, Watanabe K, Tsunoda K, Miura T (1993) Scaphoid non-union: factors affecting the functional outcome of open reduction and wedge grafting with Herbert screw fixation. J Hand Surg [Br] 18:219–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Nolte PA, van der Krans A, Patka P, Janssen IM, Ryaby JP, Albers GH (2001) Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of nonunions. J Trauma 51:693–702; discussion 702–703

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schmitz MA, Finnegan M, Natarajan R, Champine J (1999) Effect of smoking on tibial shaft fracture healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 365:184–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Trumble TE, Clarke T, Kreder HJ (1996) Non-union of the scaphoid. Treatment with cannulated screws compared with treatment with Herbert screws. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78:1829–1837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. F. Dinah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dinah, A.F., Vickers, R.H. Smoking increases failure rate of operation for established non-union of the scaphoid bone. International Orthopaedics (SICO 31, 503–505 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0231-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0231-7

Keywords

Navigation