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Changes in Parameters of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Following a 12-Month Intervention Period Using Dairy Products Enriched with Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2): The Postmenopausal Health Study II

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Abstract

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of dairy products enriched with calcium, vitamin D3, and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) or menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) on parameters of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women following a 12-month intervention. Postmenopausal women were divided into three intervention groups and a control group (CG). All three intervention groups attended biweekly sessions and received fortified dairy products providing daily 800 mg of calcium and 10 μg of vitamin D3 (CaD). Furthermore, in two of the three intervention groups the dairy products were also enriched with vitamin K, providing daily 100 μg of either phylloquinone (CaDK1) or menaquinone-7 (CaDK2). The increase observed for serum 25(OH)D levels in all intervention groups and the increase observed for serum IGF-I levels in the CaDK2 group differed significantly compared to the changes observed in CG (P = 0.010 and P = 0.028, respectively). Furthermore, both the CaDK1 and CaDK2 groups had a significantly lower mean serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin to osteocalcin ratio and urine deoxypyridinoline levels at follow-up compared to the CaD and CG groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Significant increases in total-body BMD were observed in all intervention groups compared to CG (P < 0.05), while significant increases in lumbar spine BMD were observed only for CaDK1 and CaDK2 compared to CG (P < 0.05) after controlling for changes in serum 25(OH)D levels and dietary calcium intake. In conclusion, the present study revealed more favorable changes in bone metabolism and bone mass indices for the two vitamin K-supplemented groups, mainly reflected in the suppression of serum levels of bone remodeling indices and in the more positive changes in lumbar spine BMD for these two study groups.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a research grant from FrieslandCampina. The study sponsor had no role in the collection and analysis of the data, or the submission of the report. The authors thank Anastasia Vandorou, Katerina Kyriakou, Vasiliki Dede, Odysseas Androutsos, Konstantina Maragkopoulou, Efstathoula Argyri, Angeliki Giannopoulou, Vassiliki Iatridi, Christina Maurogianni, Sotiria Pitsikou, Sofia Chondrou, George Saltaouras, and Dimitra Meladaki (dietitians) for their valuable contribution in data collection and processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70, El. Venizelou Ave, 176 71, Kallithea, Athens, Greece

    Spyridon Kanellakis, George Moschonis, Roxane Tenta & Yannis Manios

  2. FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands

    Anne Schaafsma & Ellen G. H. M. van den Heuvel

  3. Laboratory for the Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Nikolaos Papaioannou & George Lyritis

Authors
  1. Spyridon Kanellakis
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  2. George Moschonis
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  3. Roxane Tenta
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  4. Anne Schaafsma
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  5. Ellen G. H. M. van den Heuvel
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  6. Nikolaos Papaioannou
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  7. George Lyritis
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  8. Yannis Manios
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Correspondence to Yannis Manios.

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A. Schaafsma and E. G. H. M. van den Heuvel have consultant/advisory role to FrieslandCampina BV. Y. Manios has consultant/advisory role to FrieslandCampina Hellas. All other authors have stated that they have no conflict of interest.

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Kanellakis, S., Moschonis, G., Tenta, R. et al. Changes in Parameters of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Following a 12-Month Intervention Period Using Dairy Products Enriched with Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2): The Postmenopausal Health Study II. Calcif Tissue Int 90, 251–262 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-012-9571-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-012-9571-z

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