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Adiposity and dietary intake in cardiovascular risk in an obese population from a Mediterranean area

Papel de la adiposidad central y de la ingesta dietética en el riesgo cardiovascular en una población obesa de un área mediterránea

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the particular relevance of android fat distribution and dietary intake in cardiovascular risk in an obese Mediterranean population with high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and to compare the findings with those from normal-weight subjects. For the study, 193 subjects aged 25–60 were selected: 118 obese (BMI ≥27 kg/m2), and 75 normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m2). Cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were assessed. Nutrient intake and body fat distribution were determined. Results show that MUFA were highly consumed in the total population (21% of total energy). The obese population was normolipidemic and normoinsulinemic. However, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) were significantly higher than in normal-weight (P<0.05). Obese subjects derived a greater percentage of their energy intake from total fat and lower from carbohydrates and saturated fats (P<0.05). BMI and waist-hip ratio positively correlated with fat percentage of total energy intake and with MUFA (g/100 g fatty acids) in men, indicating that the excess of fat intake in obesity is due to a larger consumption of olive oil. CVRF were significantly and positively associated to waist circumference and WHR, both in obese and in normal-weight subjects. In conclusion, not only obesity but also android fat in normalweight-subjects are important factors in cardiovascular disease even in the Mediterranean population, with a high intake of MUFA, where these factors seem to be more relevant to cardiovascular risk than dietary composition.

Resumen

Se determina la relevancia de la distribución de grasa y de la ingesta dietética en el riesgo cardiovascular en una población mediterrénea obesa con alto consumo de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGM), comparando los resultados con los de individuos de peso normal. El estudio se realizó con 193 sujetos de entre 25–60 años de edad, 118 obesos (IMC ≥27 kg/m2), y 75 con normopeso (IMC < 25 kg/m2). Se analizaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión, dislipemias, intolerancia a glucosa y resistencia a insulina), la distribución de grasa corporal y la ingesta nutricional. La población presentó un alto consumo de AGM (21% de la energía total). La población obesa era normolipidémica y normoinsulinémica, pero los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) fueron significativamente más altos que en la de normopeso (P<0.05). Los sujetos obesos mostraron un mayor consumo relativo de grasa total y menor de carbohidratos y grasas saturadas (P<0.05). El IMC y el coeficiente cintura-cadera se correlacionaron positivamente con el porcentaje de grasa y con los AGM (g/100 g de ácidos grasos) en varones, indicando que el exceso de ingesta lipídica en la obesidad se debe a un mayor consumo de aceite de oliva. Los FRCV se asociaron significativa y positivamente al perímetro de cintura y al coeficiente cintura-cadera, en individuos obesos y en normopeso, con mayor número de correlaciones que respecto de la ingesta dietética. En conclusión, tanto la obesidad como la grasa androide en sujetos con normopeso son factores importantes en la enfermedad cardiovascular, también en la población mediterránea, en la que parecen tener mayor relevancia en el riesgo cardiovascular que la composición de la dieta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain

    M. Garaulet, C. Marín, F. Pérez-Llamas & S. Zamora

  2. Dept. of Biostatistic, Univ. of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain

    M. Canteras

  3. Endocrinology Service, “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University Hospital, Murcia, Spain

    F. J. Tebar

Authors
  1. M. Garaulet
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  2. C. Marín
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  3. F. Pérez-Llamas
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  4. M. Canteras
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  5. F. J. Tebar
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  6. S. Zamora
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Correspondence to M. Garaulet.

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Garaulet, M., Marín, C., Pérez-Llamas, F. et al. Adiposity and dietary intake in cardiovascular risk in an obese population from a Mediterranean area. J. Physiol. Biochem. 60, 39–49 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168219

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168219

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