Characteristics of MSM (N=3783) who ever and who never tested for HIV in the Netherlands
| Total | Ever tested | Never tested | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| >40 | 1828 (48.5) | 1539 (51.4) | 289 (37.5) | 1 | NS |
| 25–39 | 1471 (39.0) | 1205 (40.2) | 266 (34.5) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.41) | |
| <25 | 468 (12.4) | 253 (8.4) | 215 (27.9) | 4.53 (3.63 to 5.65) | |
| Residence | |||||
| Amsterdam | 953 (28.9) | 858 (32.8) | 95 (14.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Other | 2341 (71.1) | 1759 (67.2) | 582 (86.0) | 2.99 (2.37 to 3.77) | 1.54 (1.17 to 2.03) |
| Country of birth | |||||
| Netherlands | 2817 (76.5) | 2198 (75.2) | 619 (81.4) | 1 | NS |
| Other | 864 (23.5) | 723 (24.8) | 141 (18.6) | 0.69 (0.57 to 0.85) | |
| Education level | |||||
| High* | 2317 (61.8) | 1950 (65.3) | 367 (47.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Low/medium | 1433 (38.2) | 1034 (34.7) | 399 (52.1) | 2.05 (1.75 to 2.41) | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.57) |
| Knowledge HIV testing | |||||
| High† | 3642 (96.8) | 2941 (98.2) | 701 (91.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Low/moderate | 121 (3.2) | 53 (1.8) | 68 (8.8) | 5.38 (3.72 to 7.78) | 2.23 (1.37 to 3.64) |
| Knowledge HIV transmission | |||||
| High | 3288 (77.3) | 2664 (88.9) | 624 (81.0) | 1 | NS |
| Low/moderate | 477 (12.7) | 331 (11.1) | 146 (19.0) | 1.88 (1.52 to 2.33) | |
| Sexual identity | |||||
| Gay/homosexual | 3269 (87.1) | 2685 (89.9) | 584 (75.9) | 1 | NS |
| Bisexual/other | 486 (12.9) | 301 (10.1) | 185 (24.1) | 2.83 (2.31 to 3.47) | |
| Sexual active | |||||
| ≥5 years | 2987 (87.3) | 2551 (90.6) | 436 (72.1) | 1 | 1 |
| <5 years | 435 (12.7) | 266 (9.4) | 169 (27.9) | 3.72 (2.99 to 4.62) | 2.03 (1.55 to 2.66) |
| Outness to nearly everybody | |||||
| Out | 2638 (70.3) | 2267 (76.0) | 396 (51.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Not out | 1112 (29.7) | 716 (24.0) | 371 (48.4) | 3.38 (2.87 to 3.98) | 1.93 (1.55 to 2.40) |
| Proportion of gay friends | |||||
| Most | 764 (20.4) | 685 (22.9) | 79 (10.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Some | 2205 (58.8) | 1837 (61.5) | 368 (48.0) | 1.74 (1.34 to 2.50) | 1.22 (0.91 to 1.64) |
| Few | 783 (20.9) | 463 (15.5) | 32–0 (41.7) | 5.99 (4.56 to 7.87) | 1.85 (1.32 to 2.59) |
| Sexual partners in past 12 months | |||||
| >10 | 1189 (32.0) | 1064 (36.0) | 125 (16.5) | 1 | 1 |
| 6–10 | 572 (15.4) | 488 (16.5) | 84 (11.1) | 1.47 (1.09 to 1.97) | 1.42 (1.01 to 2.00) |
| 2–5 | 958 (25.8) | 749 (25.3) | 209 (27.6) | 2.38 (1.87 to 3.02) | 1.70 (1.26 to 2.28) |
| 1 | 235 (6.3) | 158 (5.3) | 77 (10.2) | 4.15 (2.98 to 5.77) | 2.03 (1.33 to 3.11) |
| 0 | 759 (20.4) | 498 (16.8) | 261 (34.5) | 4.46 (3.52 to 5.66) | 2.19 (1.57 to 3.04) |
| AI ever | |||||
| Yes | 3564 (96.5) | 2932 (98.5) | 632 (88.1) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 129 (3.5) | 44 (1.5) | 85 (11.9) | 8.96 (6.17 to 13.03) | 5.99 (3.04 to 11.77) |
| UAI‡ | |||||
| Yes | 1060 (28.6) | 787 (26.7) | 273 (36.1) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 2476 (66.9) | 2095 (71.1) | 381 (50.4) | 0.52 (0.44 to 0.63) | 0.26 (0.21 to 0.32) |
| No sex with men | 166 (4.5) | 64 (2.2) | 102 (13.5) | 4.59 (3.27 to 6.47) | 0.60 (0.35 to 1.02) |
| Visit to social venues | |||||
| Ever | 3450 (91.9) | 2866 (95.9) | 584 (75.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Never | 306 (8.1) | 121 (4.1) | 185 (24.1) | 7.50 (5.87 to 9.59) | 1.94 (1.39 to 2.71) |
| Visit to sex venues | |||||
| Ever | 3060 (81.5) | 2581 (86.4) | 479 (62.3) | 1 | NS |
| Never | 696 (18.5) | 406 (13.6) | 290 (37.7) | 3.85 (3.22 to 4.61) | |
| Sex abroad in the past 12 months | |||||
| Yes | 2648 (72.1) | 2307 (77.8) | 341 (48.0) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 1026 (27.9) | 657 (22.2) | 369 (52.0) | 3.80 (3.20 to 4.51) | 1.61 (1.29 to 2.01) |
| Sex/party drugs§ | |||||
| Yes <12 months | 1009 (26.9) | 923 (31.0) | 86 (11.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes ever | 430 (11.5) | 378 (12.7) | 52 (6.8) | 1.48 (1.03 to 2.13) | 1.38 (0.91 to 2.09) |
| No | 2305 (61.6) | 1681 (56.4) | 624 (81.9) | 3.98 (3.14 to 5.06) | 2.06 (1.55 to 2.75) |
| STI diagnosis in the past 12 months | |||||
| Yes | 530 (14.2) | 516 (17.3) | 14 (1.8) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 3211 (85.8) | 2462 (82.7) | 749 (98.2) | 11.21 (6.55 to 19.19) | 8.55 (4.69 to 15.61) |
Bold printed statistics differ significantly (p value <0.05).
*High education=tertiary education (ISCED-1997 levels 5 and 6).
†High knowledge=Men stating to have already known at least 4 of 5 true statements on HIV-testing, or respectively, HIV-transmission.
‡UAI with any male partners of unknown or discordant HIV serostatus in the past 12 months.
§Use of sex and party drugs (ie, ecstasy, amphetamine, crystal meth, mephedrone, GHB/GBL, ketamine, cocaine).
AI indicates anal intercourse; aOR, adjusted OR; NS, not significant; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UAI, unprotected anal intercourse.