Population characteristics of the calcium channel blocker (CCB), non-CCB and non-CCB antihypertensive (AHT) drugs cohorts
| Variables | CCB cohort n (%) | Non-CCB cohort n (%) | AHT cohort n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | 150 750 | 557 931 | 156 966 |
| Age (index date, years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 61.5 (11.5) | 60.1 (12.1) | 51.4 (15.4) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 74 956 (49.7) | 281 575 (50.5) | 72 269 (46.0) |
| Female | 75 794 (50.3) | 276 356 (49.5) | 84 697 (54.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| ≥30 | 42 683 (28.3) | 78 158 (14.0) | 32 198 (20.5) |
| 25–29 | 50 251 (33.3) | 149 397 (26.8) | 44 220 (28.2) |
| <24 | 32 749 (21.7) | 159 215 (28.5) | 45 681 (29.1) |
| Missing* | 25 067 (16.6) | 171 161 (30.7) | 34 867 (22.2) |
| Smoking | |||
| Ever | 77 220 (51.2) | 243 112 (43.6) | 76 252 (48.6) |
| Never | 67 540 (44.8) | 250 893 (45.0) | 70 171 (44.7) |
| Missing* | 5990 (4.0) | 63 926 (11.5) | 10 543 (6.7) |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Current (high or increasing) | 9723 (6.4) | 22 945 (4.1) | 8767 (5.6) |
| Current (low) | 59 050 (39.2) | 199 667 (35.8) | 61 580 (39.2) |
| Current (unknown) | 27 290 (18.1) | 85 252 (15.3) | 26 802 (17.1) |
| Former drinker | 2438 (1.6) | 6899 (1.2) | 2132 (1.4) |
| Non-drinker | 19 887 (13.2) | 57 850 (10.4) | 16 876 (10.8) |
| Missing* | 32 362 (21.5) | 185 318 (33.2) | 40 809 (26.0) |
| Diagnosis of diabetes before or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 18 287 (12.1) | 28 305 (5.1) | 13 648 (8.7) |
| No | 132 463 (87.9) | 529 626 (94.9) | 143 318 (91.3) |
| Hypertension before or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 111 022 (73.6) | 74 033 (13.3) | 45 724 (29.1) |
| No | 39 728 (26.4) | 483 898 (86.7) | 111 242 (70.9) |
| Angina before or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 13 637 (9.0) | 17 531 (3.1) | 4887 (3.1) |
| No | 137 113 (91.0) | 540 400 (96.9) | 152 079 (96.9) |
| Arrhythmia before or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 6873 (4.6) | 13 144 (2.4) | 5907 (3.8) |
| No | 143 877 (95.4) | 544 787 (97.6) | 151 059 (96.2) |
| Heart failure before or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 2392 (1.6) | 8322 (1.5) | 2277 (1.5) |
| No | 148 358 (98.4) | 549 609 (98.5) | 154 689 (98.5) |
| Statin use within 1 year of or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 42 801 (28.4) | 58 417 (10.5) | 26 360 (16.8) |
| No | 107 949 (71.6) | 499 514 (89.5) | 130 606 (83.2) |
| Aspirin use within 1 year of or at baseline | |||
| Yes | 37 025 (24.6) | 49 949 (9.0) | 24 050 (15.3) |
| No | 113 725 (75.4) | 507 982 (91.0) | 132 916 (84.7) |
*Information on behavioural risk factors closest to the index date; considered missing if older than 10 years from the index date.