Gene | Gene name | Chromosome | SNP | Position/bp | Minor allele | MAF‡ | P (G×EDev) | P (G×ESoc) | P (G×sex) | P (All) | P (rGEDev) | P (rGSoc) |
SLC6A4 | Serotonin transporter | 17 | rs1906451 | 25539605 | G | 0.44 | 0.608 | 0.363 | 0.784 | 0.268 | 0.747 | 0.035 |
rs3794808 | 25555919 | A | 0.41 | 0.365 | 0.263 | 0.799 | 0.320 | 0.402 | 0.064 | |||
rs140700 | 25567515 | A | 0.09 | 0.133 | 0.460 | 0.037§§ | 0.876 | 0.209 | 0.614 | |||
rs2066713 | 25575791 | A | 0.46 | 0.253 | 0.499 | 0.505 | 0.550 | 0.778 | 0.092 | |||
rs8071667 | 25576899 | A | 0.15 | 0.473 | 0.682 | 0.122 | 0.606 | 0.961 | 0.827 | |||
TPH2 | Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 | 12 | rs4131348 | 70610746 | G | 0.12 | 0.844 | 0.937 | 0.400 | 0.497 | 0.705 | 0.241 |
rs2129575 | 70626340 | A | 0.22 | 0.787 | 0.682 | 0.432 | 0.423 | 0.173 | 0.298 | |||
rs1386496 | 70637057 | G | 0.16 | 0.983 | 0.404 | 0.293 | 0.792 | 0.837 | 0.226 | |||
rs2171363 | 70646531 | A | 0.43 | 0.762 | 0.983 | 0.016§§ | 0.814 | 0.692 | 0.940 | |||
rs10506645 | 70671767 | A | 0.23 | 0.996 | 0.756 | 0.102 | 0.789 | 0.888 | 0.721 | |||
rs1386497 | 70678557 | C | 0.17 | 0.816 | 0.131 | 0.452 | 0.797 | 0.640 | 0.172 | |||
rs1487276 | 70691326 | A | 0.21 | 0.888 | 0.088 | 0.838 | 0.908 | 0.591 | 0.219 | |||
rs9325202 | 70693744 | A | 0.48 | 0.805 | 0.074 | 0.488 | 0.473 | 0.913 | 0.675 | |||
rs1487275 | 70696559 | C | 0.37 | 0.972 | 0.054 | 0.625 | 0.049*** | 0.861 | 0.638 | |||
rs1386483 | 70698761 | A | 0.47 | 0.574 | 0.090 | 0.326 | 0.437 | 0.294 | 0.625 | |||
rs1872824 | 70716581 | A | 0.35 | 0.652 | 0.121 | 0.211 | 0.494 | 0.772 | 0.331 | |||
COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase | 22 | rs6518591 | 18304021 | G | 0.16 | 0.688 | 0.255 | 0.919 | 0.303 | 0.150 | 0.385 |
rs737866 | 18310109 | G | 0.18 | 0.028§ | 0.853 | 0.024§§ | 0.755 | 0.623 | 0.489 | |||
rs1544325 | 18311668 | G | 0.48 | 0.318 | 0.376 | 0.192 | 0.822 | 0.999 | 0.931 | |||
rs174675 | 18314051 | A | 0.29 | 0.465 | 0.278 | 0.580 | 0.958 | 0.724 | 0.532 | |||
rs5993883 | 18317638 | C | 0.36 | 0.230 | 0.495 | 0.025§§ | 0.920 | 0.363 | 0.219 | |||
rs2239393 | 18330428 | G | 0.31 | 0.005¶ | 0.765 | 0.256 | 0.930 | 0.838 | 0.459 | |||
rs4680 | 18331271 | G | 0.45 | 0.020** | 0.956 | 0.501 | 0.346 | 0.412 | 0.498 | |||
rs4646316 | 18332132 | A | 0.18 | 0.205 | 0.165 | 0.933 | 0.026††† | 0.521 | 0.392 | |||
rs165774 | 18332561 | A | 0.25 | 0.081 | 0.516 | 0.089 | 0.215 | 0.538 | 0.239 | |||
rs165815 | 18339473 | G | 0.20 | 0.537 | 0.309 | 0.431 | 0.281 | 0.338 | 0.158 | |||
rs887199 | 18341955 | A | 0.20 | 0.544 | 0.325 | 0.401 | 0.306 | 0.314 | 0.168 | |||
rs2239395 | 18342203 | C | 0.02 | 0.144 | 0.655 | 0.153 | 0.390 | 0.224 | 0.664 | |||
MAOA | Monoamine oxidase A | X | rs909525 | 43438146 | G | 0.45 | 0.559 | 0.871 | 0.554 | 0.165 | 0.255 | 0.932 |
rs12843268 | 43458610 | A | 0.40 | 0.271 | 0.837 | 0.266 | 0.103 | 0.052 | 0.932 | |||
rs6610845 | 43472954 | G | 0.41 | 0.232 | 0.795 | 0.263 | 0.170 | 0.060 | 0.524 | |||
rs3027409 | 43491977 | C | 0.02 | 0.748 | 0.928 | 0.950 | 0.194 | 0.703 | 0.068 | |||
rs6609257 | 43497652 | G | 0.50 | 0.848 | 0.320 | 0.470 | 0.077 | 0.075 | 0.898 | |||
rs3027415 | 43499385 | G | 0.18 | 0.218 | 0.550 | 0.905 | 0.613 | 0.105 | 0.408 | |||
DRD1 | Dopamine receptor D1 | 5 | rs265973 | 174793305 | G | 0.50 | 0.529 | 0.614 | 0.549 | 0.888 | 0.047 | 0.831 |
rs265974 | 174793846 | G | 0.35 | 0.391 | 0.612 | 0.912 | 0.659 | 0.066 | 0.859 | |||
rs265976 | 174795026 | A | 0.23 | 0.578 | 0.707 | 0.915 | 0.826 | 0.077 | 0.933 | |||
rs5326 | 174802802 | A | 0.19 | 0.615 | 0.886 | 0.852 | 0.588 | 0.273 | 0.197 | |||
DRD2 | Dopamine receptor D2 | 11 | rs1800497 | 112776038 | A | 0.17 | 0.079 | 0.825 | 0.691 | 0.467 | 0.921 | 0.264 |
rs2242592 | 112784640 | G | 0.37 | 0.757 | 0.466 | 0.283 | 0.736 | 0.143 | 0.393 | |||
rs1076563 | 112801119 | C | 0.50 | 0.053 | 0.813 | 0.897 | 0.662 | 0.234 | 0.856 | |||
rs2471857 | 112803549 | A | 0.17 | 0.518 | 0.494 | 0.823 | 0.901 | 0.884 | 0.126 | |||
rs4620755 | 112814829 | A | 0.22 | 0.383 | 0.997 | 0.951 | 0.176 | 0.065 | 0.992 | |||
rs7125415 | 112815891 | A | 0.19 | 0.084 | 0.389 | 0.789 | 0.231 | 0.163 | 0.947 | |||
rs4648318 | 112818599 | G | 0.34 | 0.711 | 0.885 | 0.631 | 0.684 | 0.214 | 0.466 | |||
rs4274224 | 112824662 | G | 0.24 | 0.067 | 0.777 | 0.017¶¶ | 0.022‡‡‡ | 0.536 | 0.766 | |||
rs4581480 | 112829684 | G | 0.07 | 0.184 | 0.521 | 0.210 | 0.009§§§ | 0.082 | 0.760 | |||
rs7131056 | 112834984 | C | 0.49 | 0.564 | 0.795 | 0.413 | 0.964 | 0.622 | 0.138 | |||
rs4938019 | 112846601 | G | 0.23 | 0.069 | 0.651 | 0.643 | 0.584 | 0.320 | 0.059 | |||
rs12364283 | 112852165 | G | 0.08 | 0.280 | 0.504 | 0.441 | 0.861 | 0.633 | 0.804 | |||
rs10891556 | 112857971 | A | 0.24 | 0.076 | 0.519 | 0.638 | 0.589 | 0.380 | 0.052 | |||
rs6589377 | 112860946 | G | 0.17 | 0.286 | 0.617 | 0.061 | 0.552 | 0.502 | 0.915 | |||
DRD3 | Dopamine receptor D3 | 3 | rs2087017 | 115324703 | G | 0.43 | 0.937 | 0.921 | 0.606 | 0.743 | 0.835 | 0.828 |
rs2134655 | 115340891 | A | 0.28 | 0.454 | 0.554 | 0.129 | 0.507 | 0.209 | 0.330 | |||
rs963468 | 115345577 | A | 0.38 | 0.809 | 0.777 | 0.902 | 0.608 | 0.609 | 0.580 | |||
rs3773678 | 115352768 | A | 0.06 | 0.780 | 0.855 | 0.487 | 0.770 | 0.972 | 0.556 | |||
rs2630351 | 115357749 | A | 0.03 | 0.954 | 0.144 | 0.168 | 0.999 | 0.811 | 0.211 | |||
rs167771 | 115358965 | G | 0.18 | 0.862 | 0.638 | 0.406 | 0.514 | 0.416 | 0.966 | |||
rs167770 | 115362252 | G | 0.31 | 0.260 | 0.911 | 0.298 | 0.694 | 0.593 | 0.982 | |||
rs226082 | 115363703 | G | 0.31 | 0.261 | 0.911 | 0.301 | 0.690 | 0.594 | 0.983 | |||
rs324029 | 115364313 | A | 0.31 | 0.259 | 0.913 | 0.296 | 0.722 | 0.593 | 0.964 | |||
rs10934256 | 115368342 | A | 0.17 | 0.229 | 0.898 | 0.478 | 0.246 | 0.147 | 0.669 | |||
rs1486009 | 115371222 | G | 0.12 | 0.721 | 0.667 | 0.745 | 0.571 | 0.387 | 0.600 | |||
rs6280 | 115373505 | G | 0.33 | 0.159 | 0.485 | 0.141 | 0.667 | 0.386 | 0.880 | |||
rs9825563 | 115382910 | G | 0.23 | 0.045†† | 0.902 | 0.211 | 0.215 | 0.028 | 0.927 | |||
DRD4 | Dopamine receptor D4 | 11 | rs3758653 | 626399 | G | 0.23 | 0.300 | 0.752 | 0.249 | 0.980 | 0.322 | 0.905 |
rs11246226 | 631191 | A | 0.49 | 0.749 | 0.748 | 0.166 | 0.925 | 0.908 | 0.097 | |||
DRD5 | Dopamine receptor D5 | 4 | rs1878943 | 9375986 | A | 0.21 | 0.586 | 0.686 | 0.482 | 0.386 | 0.988 | 0.605 |
rs13106539 | 9406801 | G | 0.39 | 0.735 | 0.062 | 0.067 | 0.044¶¶¶ | 0.532 | 0.384 |
The analyses were performed using PLINK's linear and logistic regression models and interaction analysis. Empirical p values based on max(T) permutation are reported, with p values <0.05 shown in bold.
* Defined by the presence of two out of three possible indicators for high early developmental risk: low birth weight, late motor development and late development of speech.
† Defined by the presence of two out of five possible indicators for high social risk environment: unwanted pregnancy, low socio-economic status, single parenthood, low level of education of mother and low activity for information retrieval by the mother.
‡ Minor allele frequency.
§ p=0.0364 (β=0.0414).
¶ p=0.008 (β=0.0440).
** p=0.042 (β=0.0320).
†† p=0.022 (β=–0.0396) in individuals at high risk group.
§§ p>0.05 in both genders.
¶¶ p=0.0006 (β=0.023) in males.
*** β=0.008.
††† β=0.012.
‡‡‡ β=0.011.
§§§ β=0.022.
¶¶¶ β=−0.