Gender-specific, age-standardised prevalences for unfavourable-lifestyle cardiovascular-disease risk factors in four Scottish Health Surveys 1995, 1998, 2003 and 2008 stratified by occupational social class
| Men | Slope (p value) | Women | Slope (p value) | |||||||
| Proportion (%) (95% CI) | Proportion (%) (95% CI) | |||||||||
| 1995 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | 1995 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | |||
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| All | 33.4 (31.8 to 35.1) | 35.7 (34.0 to 37.4) | 31.9 (30.1 to 33.8) | 30.3 (28.3 to 32.3) | −0.32 (0.19) | 35.9 (34.2 to 37.6) | 33.4 (31.7 to 35.0) | 30.7 (28.9 to 32.4) | 27.4 (25.5 to 29.4) | −0.63 (0.003) |
| I Professional | 16.6 (11.8 to 21.4) | 12.4 (8.1 to 16.7) | 12.2 (7.9 to 16.4) | 13.4 (8.5 to 18.3) | −0.19 (0.47) | 11.7 (3.8 to 19.6) | 4.0 (1.0 to 7.1) | 11.9 (4.3 to 19.6) | 7.9 (3.0 to 12.7) | −0.04 (0.95) |
| II Managerial | 21.8 (18.9 to 24.7) | 25.4 (22.4 to 28.4) | 22.0 (19.0 to 25.0) | 20.0 (16.6 to 23.3) | −0.24 (0.39) | 24.8 (21.7 to 27.9) | 25.6 (22.7 to 28.6) | 22.9 (20.1 to 25.7) | 20.8 (17.8 to 23.7) | −0.35 (0.07) |
| III Skilled NM | 25.1 (20.1 to 30.1) | 33.5 (28.1 to 38.8) | 23.1 (18.0 to 28.1) | 21.6 (16.2 to 27.0) | −0.55 (0.41) | 31.9 (29.1 to 34.8) | 27.1 (24.4 to 29.8) | 27.9 (24.8 to 31.0) | 24.0 (20.7 to 27.3) | −0.50 (0.12) |
| III Skilled M | 40.2 (37.3 to 43.0) | 39.2 (36.3 to 42.1) | 38.7 (35.3 to 42.1) | 38.8 (34.9 to 42.6) | −0.10 (0.15) | 49.2 (43.1 to 55.3) | 38.4 (32.7 to 44.1) | 40.7 (33.9 to 47.4) | 26.9 (19.7 to 34.1) | −1.44 (0.11) |
| IV Partly skilled | 45.0 (40.4 to 49.7) | 54.5 (50.1 to 58.8) | 46.9 (42.0 to 51.8) | 40.1 (34.7 to 45.5) | −0.61 (0.42) | 48.0 (43.9 to 52.2) | 46.6 (42.7 to 50.6) | 42.4 (38.1 to 46.8) | 43.2 (38.0 to 48.4) | −0.41 (0.12) |
| V Unskilled | 54.4 (46.4 to 62.4) | 46.7 (38.6 to 54.8) | 61.1 (52.1 to 70.1) | 58.3 (48.9 to 67.7) | 0.65 (0.40) | 47.6 (42.1 to 53.0) | 54.0 (48.0 to 60.1) | 53.5 (45.7 to 61.3) | 44.6 (35.6 to 53.7) | −0.29 (0.64) |
| SII (p value) | 38.8 (0.001) | 40.7 (0.002) | 44.1 (0.001) | 40.2 (0.004) | 0.15 (0.61) | 35.2 (0.004) | 37.4 (0.009) | 35.1 (0.003) | 32.2 (0.01) | −0.29 (0.24) |
| Excess alcohol* | ||||||||||
| All | – | – | 37.2 (34.6 to 39.8) | 26.7 (21.6 to 31.9) | −2.09 | – | – | 28.8 (26.5 to 31.2) | 22.0 (17.2 to 26.8) | −1.36 |
| I Professional | – | – | 37.6 (31.2 to 44.0) | 29.8 (23.1 to 36.5) | −1.56 | – | – | 33.4 (23.7 to 43.1) | 26.5 (16.9 to 36.1) | −1.38 |
| II Managerial | – | – | 39.6 (36.1 to 43.1) | 32.7 (28.8 to 36.6) | −1.38 | – | – | 33.5 (30.3 to 36.6) | 25.1 (21.9 to 28.3) | −1.66 |
| III Skilled NM | – | – | 33.8 (28.0 to 39.6) | 25.9 (20.2 to 31.6) | −1.59 | – | – | 27.8 (24.7 to 30.9) | 22.1 (18.9 to 25.3) | −1.15 |
| III Skilled M | – | – | 34.7 (31.4 to 38.0) | 31.0 (27.3 to 34.7) | −0.74 | – | – | 15.7 (10.7 to 20.8) | 16.8 (10.6 to 23.0) | 0.21 |
| IV Partly skilled | – | – | 35.4 (30.6 to 40.2) | 32.3 (27.1 to 37.5) | −0.62 | – | – | 22.0 (18.3 to 25.7) | 19.7 (15.5 to 24.0) | −0.45 |
| V Unskilled | – | – | 33.9 (25.4 to 42.5) | 29.9 (21.5 to 38.3) | −0.81 | – | – | 20.6 (14.1 to 27.0) | 8.1 (3.4 to 12.8) | −2.49 |
| SII (p value) | −6.0 (0.09) | 0.1 (0.98) | 1.23 | −18.6 (0.01) | −13.4 (0.03) | 1.04 | ||||
| Low physical activity | ||||||||||
| All | – | 60.5 (58.8 to 62.2) | 56.9 (55.0 to 58.8) | 51.2 (49.0 to 53.3) | −0.94 (0.09) | – | 68.6 (67.0 to 70.2) | 65.4 (63.6 to 67.2) | 62.5 (60.4 to 64.5) | −0.62 (0.01) |
| I Professional | – | 65.5 (59.3 to 71.7) | 58.7 (52.4 to 65.1) | 54.0 (46.8 to 61.3) | −1.15 (0.07) | – | 76.2 (68.2 to 84.2) | 54.2 (43.8 to 64.6) | 58.8 (48.0 to 69.6) | −1.74 (0.46) |
| II Managerial | – | 69.6 (66.5 to 72.8) | 62.8 (59.4 to 66.3) | 54.6 (50.5 to 58.7) | −1.51 (0.03) | – | 62.2 (58.9 to 65.4) | 60.6 (57.4 to 63.9) | 59.7 (56.1 to 63.3) | −0.24 (0.1) |
| III Skilled NM | – | 63.2 (57.8 to 68.6) | 56.7 (50.8 to 62.6) | 58.8 (52.6 to 65.0) | −0.44 (0.54) | – | 74.8 (72.2 to 77.5) | 71.7 (68.7 to 74.8) | 66.5 (62.8 to 70.1) | −0.84 (0.09) |
| III Skilled M | – | 53.1 (50.3 to 56.0) | 54.2 (50.8 to 57.6) | 48.8 (44.9 to 52.7) | −0.43 (0.46) | – | 66.2 (60.7 to 71.8) | 67.9 (61.5 to 74.2) | 60.1 (52.2 to 68.0) | −0.61 (0.46) |
| IV Partly skilled | – | 58.5 (54.4 to 62.7) | 55.3 (50.3 to 60.3) | 43.0 (37.7 to 48.4) | −1.55 (0.21) | – | 66.5 (62.8 to 70.2) | 63.9 (59.6 to 68.1) | 59.4 (54.3 to 64.5) | −0.72 (0.1) |
| V Unskilled | – | 54.9 (46.7 to 63.1) | 45.9 (37.4 to 54.4) | 48.8 (39.2 to 58.5) | −0.61 (0.54) | – | 68.1 (62.3 to 73.9) | 62.7 (55.0 to 70.4) | 66.9 (58.3 to 75.4) | −0.12 (0.87) |
| SII (p value) | −18.5 (0.08) | −12.7 (0.046) | −13.5 (0.06) | 0.50 (0.41) | 2.9 (0.77) | 7.2 (0.44) | 3.7 (0.56) | 0.08 (0.89) | ||
Excess alcohol, exceeding 21 units/week (men), 14 units/week (women); low physical activity, fewer than five occasions of 30 min moderate physical activity per week; M, manual; NM, non-manual; smoking, current cigarette smoker; SII, slope index of inequality.
↵* Time trend was not evaluated, as there were only two time points.