Temporal trends in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of CR patients between 1996 and 2010
| Year | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | p Value* |
| N | 1545 | 1773 | 1818 | 1736 | 1586 | 1596 | 1686 | 1444 | 1799 | 2041 | 2532 | 2374 | 2188 | 2298 | 2351 | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||||||||||
| Age (mean years±SD) | 59.8±0.28 | 60.0±0.26 | 60.1±0.25 | 59.6±0.28 | 60.9±0.28 | 60.8±0.28 | 61.2±0.27 | 61.4±0.30 | 61.5±0.27 | 61.2±0.26 | 61.0±0.24 | 61.6±0.25 | 61.6±0.26 | 62.0±0.26 | 62.1±0.26 | <0.001 |
| <50, n (%) | 294 (19.0) | 294 (16.6) | 306 (16.8) | 331 (19.1) | 243 (15.3) | 249 (15.6) | 245 (14.5) | 227 (15.7) | 280 (15.6) | 354 (17.3) | 439 (17.3) | 398 (16.8) | 355 (16.2) | 373 (16.2) | 359 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| 50–64, n (%) | 691 (44.7) | 821 (46.3) | 836 (46.0) | 780 (44.9) | 708 (44.6) | 729 (45.7) | 754 (44.7) | 608 (42.1) | 786 (43.7) | 862 (42.2) | 1085 (42.9) | 993 (41.8) | 924 (42.2) | 932 (40.6) | 1003 (42.7) | |
| 65–79, n (%) | 537 (34.8) | 624 (35.2) | 643 (35.4) | 585 (33.7) | 584 (36.8) | 570 (35.7) | 614 (36.4) | 531 (36.8) | 629 (35.0) | 715 (35.0) | 859 (33.9) | 822 (34.6) | 771 (35.2) | 823 (35.8) | 803 (34.2) | |
| 80+, n (%) | 23 (1.5) | 34 (1.9) | 33 (1.8) | 40 (2.3) | 51 (3.2) | 48 (3.0) | 73 (4.3) | 78 (5.4) | 104 (5.8) | 110 (5.4) | 149 (5.9) | 161 (6.8) | 138 (6.3) | 170 (7.4) | 170 (7.9) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Male, n (%) | 1186 (76.8) | 1370 (77.3) | 1419 (78.1) | 1363 (78.5) | 1206 (78.6) | 1206 (75.6) | 1282 (76.0) | 1102 (76.3) | 1286 (71.5) | 1340 (65.7) | 1643 (64.9) | 1571 (66.2) | 1506 (68.8) | 1567 (68.2) | 1603 (68.2) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 359 (23.2) | 403 (22.7) | 399 (22.0) | 373 (21.5) | 339 (21.4) | 390 (24.4) | 404 (24.0) | 342 (23.7) | 513 (28.5) | 701 (34.4) | 889 (35.1) | 803 (33.8) | 682 (31.2) | 731 (31.8) | 748 (31.8) | |
| Marital status† | ||||||||||||||||
| Married, n (%) | 1127 (72.9) | 1302 (73.4) | 1335 (73.4) | 1325 (76.3) | 1173 (74.0) | 1114 (69.8) | 1159 (68.7) | 980 (67.9) | 1201 (66.8) | 1217 (59.6) | 1511 (59.7) | 1421 (59.9) | 1295 (59.2) | 1407 (61.2) | 1360 (57.9) | <0.001 |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||||||||||||||
| Quintile 1, n (%) | 239 (15.5) | 243 (13.7) | 271 (14.9) | 261 (15.1) | 223 (14.1) | 242 (15.8) | 265 (16.1) | 232 (19.0) | 340 (20.1) | 408 (20.1) | 529 (21.0) | 505 (21.3) | 487 (22.4) | 442 (19.3) | 452 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| Quintile 2, n (%) | 267 (17.3) | 312 (17.6) | 291 (16.0) | 321 (18.5) | 245 (15.5) | 248 (15.6) | 254 (18.4) | 265 (16.5) | 295 (17.6) | 357 (17.6) | 520 (20.6) | 458 (19.4) | 389 (17.9) | 450 (17.8) | 417 (17.8) | |
| Quintile 3, n (%) | 293 (19.0) | 335 (18.9) | 342 (18.9) | 292 (16.9) | 293 (18.5) | 270 (17.0) | 258 (16.0) | 230 (15.4) | 275 (15.9) | 323 (15.9) | 372 (15.7) | 361 (15.3) | 318 (14.6) | 355 (14.6) | 342 (14.6) | |
| Quintile 4, n (%) | 290 (18.8) | 335 (18.9) | 322 (17.8) | 306 (17.7) | 309 (19.5) | 317 (19.9) | 333 (17.9) | 258 (17.6) | 315 (16.6) | 337 (16.6) | 426 (16.9) | 407 (17.2) | 393 (18.1) | 370 (17.6) | 413 (17.6) | |
| Quintile 5, n (%) | 451 (29.3) | 545 (30.8) | 588 (32.4) | 553 (31.9) | 515 (32.5) | 514 (32.3) | 572 (31.7) | 457 (31.6) | 567 (29.9) | 607 (29.9) | 677 (26.8) | 636 (26.9) | 589 (27.1) | 673 (29.4) | 719 (30.7) | |
| Referral indication† | ||||||||||||||||
| ACS, n (%) | 640 (41.4) | 688 (38.8) | 709 (39.0) | 638 (36.8) | 575 (36.3) | 434 (27.2) | 323 (19.2) | 242 (16.8) | 198 (11.0) | 185 (9.1) | 177 (7.0) | 191 (8.1) | 155 (7.1) | 122 (5.3) | 104 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| CABG, n (%) | 506 (32.3) | 638 (36.0) | 624 (34.3) | 642 (37.0) | 561 (35.4) | 540 (33.8) | 512 (30.4) | 441 (30.5) | 462 (25.7) | 427 (20.9) | 455 (18.0) | 423 (17.8) | 420 (19.2) | 390 (17.0) | 401 (17.1) | |
| Chronic CAD, n (%) | 113 (7.3) | 80 (4.5) | 105 (5.8) | 84 (4.8) | 97 (6.1) | 85 (5.3) | 106 (6.3) | 67 (4.6) | 105 (5.8) | 111 (5.4) | 171 (6.8) | 216 (9.1) | 223 (10.2) | 261 (11.4) | 289 (12.3) | |
| PCI, n (%) | 115 (7.4) | 178 (10.0) | 186 (10.2) | 194 (11.2) | 167 (10.5) | 369 (23.1) | 541 (32.1) | 439 (30.4) | 559 (31.1) | 516 (25.3) | 574 (22.7) | 528 (22.2) | 556 (25.4) | 599 (26.1) | 617 (26.2) | |
| Diabetes and/or primary prevention, n (%) | 44 (2.9) | 45 (2.5) | 50 (2.8) | 49 (2.8) | 61 (3.9) | 46 (2.9) | 76 (4.5) | 75 (5.2) | 278 (15.5) | 550 (27.0) | 751 (29.7) | 583 (24.6) | 381 (17.4) | 435 (18.9) | 412 (17.5) | |
| Other, n (%) | 127 (8.2) | 144 (8.1) | 144 (7.9) | 129 (7.4) | 125 (7.9) | 122 (7.6) | 128 (7.6) | 180 (12.5) | 197 (11.0) | 252 (12.4) | 404 (16.0) | 433 (18.2) | 453 (20.7) | 491 (21.4) | 528 (22.5) | |
| Aetiology of the most proximal hospitalisation | ||||||||||||||||
| ACS, n (%) | 571 (37.0) | 633 (35.7) | 661 (35.4) | 1011 (58.2) | 1057 (66.7) | 1086 (68.1) | 1105 (65.5) | 920 (63.7) | 973 (54.1) | 876 (42.9) | 976 (38.6) | 899 (37.9) | 848 (38.8) | 983 (42.8) | 978 (41.6) | 0.004 |
| CHF, n (%) | 41 (2.7) | 30 (1.7) | 30 (1.7) | 30 (1.7) | 32 (2.4) | 27 (1.7) | 27 (1.8) | 43 (1.6) | 43 (2.4) | 35 (1.7) | 45 (1.8) | 38 (1.6) | 62 (2.8) | 44 (1.9) | 49 (2.1) | |
| CABG, n (%) | 48 (3.1) | 82 (4.6) | 79 (4.4) | 46 (2.7) | 19 (1.2) | 30 (1.9) | 34 (2.0) | 34 (2.4) | 38 (2.1) | 40 (2.0) | 28 (1.1) | 35 (1.5) | 34 (1.6) | 30 (1.3) | 44 (1.9) | |
| PCI, n (%) | 79 (5.1) | 150 (8.5) | 162 (8.9) | 61 (3.5) | 5 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 11 (0.8) | 7 (0.4) | 6 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | 5 (0.2) | 14 (0.6) | 6 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | |
| Other, n (%) | 628 (40.7) | 699 (39.4) | 710 (39.1) | 407 (23.4) | 306 (19.3) | 264 (16.5) | 312 (18.5) | 275 (19.0) | 412 (22.9) | 531 (26.0) | 769 (30.4) | 791 (33.3) | 750 (24.3) | 725 (31.6) | 745 (31.7) | |
| No prior hospitalisation/referred as outpatient, n (%) | 178 (11.5) | 179 (10.1) | 176 (9.7) | 181 (10.4) | 167 (10.5) | 186 (11.7) | 203 (12.0) | 161 (11.2) | 326 (18.1) | 553 (27.1) | 704 (27.8) | 606 (25.5) | 480 (21.9) | 510 (22.2) | 525 (22.3) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors† | ||||||||||||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 256 (16.6) | 317 (17.9) | 334 (18.4) | 322 (18.6) | 301 (19.0) | 326 (20.4) | 338 (20.1) | 284 (19.7) | 364 (20.2) | 374 (18.3) | 541 (21.4) | 524 (22.1) | 506 (23.1) | 514 (22.4) | 514 (21.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 529 (34.2) | 635 (35.8) | 692 (38.1) | 705 (40.6) | 662 (41.7) | 684 (42.9) | 743 (44.1) | 680 (47.1) | 733 (40.7) | 781 (38.3) | 975 (38.5) | 933 (39.3) | 932 (42.6) | 971 (42.3) | 1036 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 95 (7.6) | 106 (7.3) | 113 (7.5) | 75 (5.0) | 65 (5.0) | 44 (3.5) | 57 (4.3) | 51 (4.3) | 47 (3.2) | 58 (3.5) | 73 (3.7) | 81 (4.5) | 64 (4.8) | 64 (3.6) | 37 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Mean total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1±0.08 | 5.2±0.09 | 5.1±0.09 | 4.9±0.08 | 5.0±0.10 | 4.4±0.06 | 4.4±0.06 | 4.2±0.05 | 4.0±0.05 | 4.6±0.58 | 4.2±0.03 | 4.1±0.04 | 4.0±0.04 | 4.0±0.04 | 4.0±0.04 | <0.001 |
| Mean LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.1±0.07 | 3.1±0.08 | 3.0±0.08 | 3.0±0.15 | 3.1±0.15 | 2.5±0.04 | 2.5±0.05 | 2.3±0.05 | 2.2±0.03 | 2.1±0.03 | 2.3±0.03 | 2.3±0.03 | 2.2±0.03 | 2.2±0.03 | 2.2±0.03 | <0.001 |
| Mean HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.0±0.02 | 1.1±0.03 | 1.1±0.02 | 1.2±0.03 | 1.2±0.02 | 1.2±0.02 | 1.2±0.02 | 1.2±0.02 | 1.2±0.01 | 1.2±0.01 | 1.2±0.01 | 1.2±0.01 | 1.2±0.01 | 1.2±0.02 | 1.2±0.01 | 0.01‡ |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2±0.13 | 28.0±0.12 | 28.3±0.13 | 28.2±0.13 | 28.3±0.14 | 28.5±0.14 | 28.6±0.14 | 28.6±0.15 | 28.7±0.15 | 29.5±0.18 | 29.7±0.16 | 29.3±0.15 | 29.3±0.18 | 29.1±0.16 | 29.0±0.15 | <0.001 |
| Mean abdominal girth, mm | 96.5±0.36 | 96.5±0.35 | 96.9±0.34 | 96.6±0.35 | 96.9±0.36 | 96.5±0.37 | 96.2±0.37 | 97.8±0.41 | 98.0±0.40 | 97.7±0.42 | 99.8±0.37 | 106.5±5.71 | 106.5±5.92 | 100.4±0.64 | 99.3±0.61 | 0.006§ |
| Mean hip girth, mm | 103.5±0.30 | 103.2±.025 | 103.8±0.27 | 103.3±.031 | 103.2±0.30 | 103.0±0.37 | 103.5±0.74 | 103.2±0.33 | 103.8±0.37 | 104.4±0.42 | 106.3±0.34 | 112.0±5.67 | 111.7±5.94 | 105.9±0.79 | 103.7±0.40 | 0.03¶ |
| Mean baseline peak oxygen uptake, ml/kg/min | 18.0±0.15 | 19.1±0.15 | 18.5±0.14 | 18.2±0.14 | 18.5±0.15 | 17.6±0.15 | 16.8±0.14 | 16.4±0.16 | 17.3±0.14 | 17.7±0.13 | 17.9±0.12 | 17.9±0.13 | 19.3±0.14 | 20.0±0.16 | 19.6±0.17 | 0.30** |
*p Value examines group differences over time; categorical variables incorporate the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test for trend; continuous variables examine group differences in means over time using t test. For continuous variables, p values for group differences over time are similar with or without accounting for individual-level variations unless otherwise specified below.
†Ascertained from CR records among those with available data. All other data elements ascertained from administrative data.
‡When accounting for individual variations in HDL cholesterol, p value in HDL cholesterol over time, p<0.001.
§When accounting for individual variations in abdominal girth, p value in abdominal girth over time, p<0.001.
¶When accounting for individual variations in hip girth over time, p value in hip girth over time, p=0.01.
**When accounting for individual variations in peak oxygen uptake over time, p value in peak oxygen uptake over time, p<0.001.
ACS, acute coronary syndromes; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CR, cardiac rehabilitation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.