Characteristics of the study participants
| Higher grade professionals | Lower grade professionals | Routine non-manual workers | Farmers | mean | SD | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | mean | SD | n | Per cent | mean | SD | n | Per cent | mean | SD | n | Per cent | |||
| n | 3130 | 5948 | 6083 | 3495 | ||||||||||||
| Women | 3130 | 25.7 | 5948 | 66.9 | 6083 | 80.5 | 3495 | 26.3 | ||||||||
| Age | 3130 | 44.5 | 8.8 | 5948 | 41.9 | 9.6 | 6083 | 41.5 | 10.6 | 3495 | 43.7 | 10.2 | ||||
| Education | 3120 | 5934 | 6045 | 3459 | ||||||||||||
| Less than secondary school | 26.7 | 19.1 | 68.6 | 83.8 | ||||||||||||
| Secondary school graduate | 7.4 | 5.4 | 19.6 | 9.9 | ||||||||||||
| Higher education | 65.9 | 75.5 | 11.8 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
| Self-rated health ‘poor’ or ‘not very good’ | 3111 | 10.1 | 5902 | 12.1 | 6032 | 14.1 | 3474 | 17.3 | ||||||||
| Long-lasting physical impairment* | 3083 | 6.1 | 5818 | 6.8 | 5925 | 6.6 | 3375 | 8.4 | ||||||||
| Long-lasting mental health impairment* | 3083 | 2.6 | 5818 | 3.2 | 5925 | 3.4 | 3375 | 3.2 | ||||||||
| Daily smoker | 2996 | 22.9 | 5656 | 21.4 | 5845 | 33.4 | 3301 | 23.2 | ||||||||
| Hours of paid work per week | 2990 | 39.4 | 8.8 | 5528 | 33.4 | 8.8 | 5823 | 30.8 | 10.4 | 1850 | 36.8 | 19.2 | ||||
| HADS-A score | 3115 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 5916 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 6045 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3454 | 4.1 | 3.1 | ||||
| Caseness HADS-A† | 3115 | 13.6 | 5916 | 12.6 | 6045 | 14.3 | 3454 | 13.8 | ||||||||
| HADS-D score | 3116 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 5924 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 6057 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3462 | 3.7 | 3.0 | ||||
| Caseness HADS-D‡ | 3116 | 7.3 | 5924 | 5.6 | 6057 | 6.5 | 3462 | 11.6 | ||||||||
| Self-employed | Skilled manual workers | Unskilled manual workers | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | mean | SD | n | Per cent | mean | SD | n | Per cent | mean | SD | |
| n | 1388 | 4647 | 4325 | |||||||||
| Women | 1388 | 38.7 | 4647 | 15.2 | 4325 | 56.3 | ||||||
| Age | 1388 | 43.0 | 9.8 | 4647 | 40.2 | 10.3 | 4325 | 40.4 | 11.1 | |||
| Education | 1380 | 4622 | 4279 | |||||||||
| Less than secondary school | 76.3 | 88.0 | 85.6 | |||||||||
| Secondary school graduate | 10.5 | 8.2 | 11.5 | |||||||||
| Higher education | 13.2 | 3.9 | 2.9 | |||||||||
| Self-rated health ‘poor’ or ‘not very good’ | 1385 | 14.3 | 4624 | 14.2 | 4300 | 16.6 | ||||||
| Long-lasting physical impairment* | 1351 | 7.4 | 4522 | 7.2 | 4178 | 7.7 | ||||||
| Long-lasting mental health impairment* | 1351 | 2.4 | 4522 | 3.6 | 4178 | 4.6 | ||||||
| Daily smoker | 1337 | 33.0 | 4459 | 34.0 | 4153 | 41.0 | ||||||
| Hours of paid work per week | 989 | 39.0 | 14.6 | 4443 | 37.5 | 7.4 | 4025 | 31.7 | 10.9 | |||
| HADS-A score | 1374 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 4613 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 4282 | 4.3 | 3.3 | |||
| Caseness HADS-A† | 1374 | 15.9 | 4613 | 11.9 | 4282 | 15.1 | ||||||
| HADS-D score | 1378 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 4617 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 4291 | 3.1 | 2.8 | |||
| Caseness HADS-D‡ | 1378 | 7.8 | 4617 | 7.0 | 4291 | 8.0 | ||||||
Working participants of the HUNT2 Survey (1995–97), aged 20–61.9 years of age.
*Lasting at least 1 year, causing impairment of daily function.
†Caseness=score ≥8 on the anxiety symptom subscale.
‡Caseness=score ≥8 on the depression symptom subscale.
HADS-A, the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D, the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SD, standard deviation.