ORs of self-reported symptoms with an IQR increase in the annual mean NO2 concentration or a doubling in the distance to a major or minor road
| Crude model | Adjusted model* | Fully adjusted model† | Exact geocoding subsample* | Adjusted 3-level model* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | OR (99% CI) | N | OR (99% CI) | N | OR (99% CI) | N | OR (99% CI) | N | OR (99% CI) | |
| Allergies | ||||||||||
| Annual mean NO2 (3.7 ppb) | 35797 | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | 35496 | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.01) | 30410 | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.01) | 23821 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.04) | 23268 | 0.85 (0.73 to 1.00) |
| Distance to major road (doubling) | 35797 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 35676 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | 30410 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) | 23834 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 23288 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) |
| Distance to minor road (doubling) | 35797 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 35676 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | 30410 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) | 23834 | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.01) | 23288 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) |
| Breathing difficulty | ||||||||||
| Annual mean NO2 (3.4 ppb) | 35457 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 31202 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 27257 | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.23) | 21252 | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | 23760 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) |
| Distance to major road (doubling) | 35457 | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) | 33618 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 27257 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | 22857 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 24814 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
| Distance to minor road (doubling) | 35457 | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.10) | 33618 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 27257 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 22857 | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | 24814 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) |
| Chest pain | ||||||||||
| Annual mean NO2 (3.2 ppb) | 28194 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 23315 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 20823 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 16279 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) | 17868 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.06) |
| Distance to major road (doubling) | 28194 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) | 23315 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 20823 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 16279 | 0.94 (0.98 to 1.10) | 17868 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) |
| Distance to minor road (doubling) | 28194 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 23315 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03) | 20823 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.02) | 16279 | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.05) | 17868 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) |
| Palpitations | ||||||||||
| Annual mean NO2 (3.7 ppb) | 35809 | 0.80 (0.74 to 0.87) | 31176 | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | 30412 | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.12) | 20917 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) | 20935 | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.07) |
| Distance to major road (doubling) | 35809 | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) | 33062 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 30412 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | 22167 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) | 21669 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
| Distance to minor road (doubling) | 35809 | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.10) | 33062 | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 30412 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 22167 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 21669 | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) |
Sample size including repeated observations (N) and ORs with 99% CIs in parentheses; models are two-level models unless specified otherwise.
*Adjusted for known risk factors and identified confounders, specifically: models of allergies adjusted for cohort and smoking status and additionally residential remoteness in the NO2 model; models of breathing difficulty symptoms adjusted for cohort and smoking status, and additionally highest qualification in the NO2 model; models of chest pain symptoms adjusted for cohort, BMI group, smoking status and physical activity; models of palpitations symptoms adjusted for cohort, BMI group, smoking status, physical activity and additionally highest qualification in the NO2 model.
†Adjusted for all available covariates.
BMI, body mass index.