Minimum acceptable diet by socio-economic, health service and individual characteristics, Nigeria 2003–2013
| 2003 (%)* | Adjusted OR 95% (LCI-UCI) | p Value | 2008 (%)* | Adjusted OR 95% (LCI-UCI) | p Value | 2013 (%)* | Adjusted OR 95% (LCI-UCI) | p Value | P trend | P for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic | |||||||||||
| Mother’s employment | |||||||||||
| Not working | 9.2 | 1.00 | 10.4 | 1.00 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 0.001 | 0.010 | |||
| Working | 11.7 | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.78) | 0.261 | 14.8 | 1.47 (1.25 to 1.73) | <0.001 | 7.6 | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.37) | 0.231 | 0.001 | |
| Mother’s education | |||||||||||
| No schooling | 8.9 | 1.00 | 13.1 | 1.00 | 6.1 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.047 | |||
| Primary education | 13.0 | 1.97 (1.26 to 3.08) | 0.003 | 15.7 | 1.14 (0.93 to 1.39) | 0.208 | 9.5 | 1.88 (1.45 to 2.44) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Secondary and above education | 12.5 | 2.34 (1.47 to 3.73) | <0.001 | 11.6 | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18) | 0.600 | 7.9 | 1.88 (1.43 to 2.46) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Father’s education | |||||||||||
| No schooling | 10.9 | 1.00 | 12.7 | 1.00 | 6.7 | 1.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Primary education | 8.0 | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.18) | 0.224 | 13.9 | 1.10 (0.92 to 1.32) | 0.300 | 8.0 | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.69) | 0.021 | <0.001 | |
| Secondary and above education | 22.2 | 2.99 (1.80 to 5.00) | <0.001 | 13.6 | 1.23 (0.94 to 1.59) | 0.129 | 7.1 | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.80) | 0.099 | <0.001 | |
| Household wealth | |||||||||||
| Poor | 10.6 | 1.00 | 12.6 | 1.00 | 5.7 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.290 | |||
| Middle | 10.0 | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.43) | 0.860 | 13.9 | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.49) | 0.009 | 8.1 | 1.25 (0.99 to 1.59) | 0.060 | <0.001 | |
| Rich | 13.8 | 1.97 (1.21 to 3.22) | 0.006 | 12.8 | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.55) | 0.115 | 7.7 | 1.38 (1.02 to 1.85) | 0.035 | <0.001 | |
| Health service | |||||||||||
| Place of delivery | |||||||||||
| Home | 11.0 | 1.00 | 13.1 | 1.00 | 7.3 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.561 | |||
| Health facility | 10.5 | 1.60 (1.07 to 2.40) | 0.022 | 13.4 | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.40) | 0.107 | 7.4 | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.35) | 0.467 | <0.001 | |
| Postnatal visits | |||||||||||
| None | 6.30 | 1.00 | 9.4 | 1.00 | 3.6 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.243 | |||
| 0–2 days | 16.2 | 2.80 (0.99 to 7.91) | 0.052 | 13.8 | 1.30 (0.84 to 2.01) | 0.241 | 4.5 | 1.02 (0.52 to 2.00) | 0.948 | 0.206 | |
| 3–42 days | 0.0 | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) | 0.000 | 13.6 | 1.11 (0.63 to 1.95) | 0.722 | 7.6 | 1.60 (0.72 to 3.54) | 0.251 | 0.385 | |
| Antenatal visits | |||||||||||
| None | 7.7 | 1.00 | 12.0 | 1.00 | 6.2 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.254 | |||
| 1–3 | 7.7 | 1.34 (0.75 to 2.38) | 0.323 | 16.1 | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.71) | 0.025 | 7.8 | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.48) | 0.913 | 0.001 | |
| 4+ | 13.3 | 2.33 (1.48 to 3.68) | <0.001 | 14.1 | 1.24 (1.02 to 1.51) | 0.030 | 8.1 | 1.36 (1.07 to 1.72) | 0.736 | <0.001 | |
| Individual | |||||||||||
| Mother’s age, in years | |||||||||||
| 15–24 | 10.9 | 1.00 | 13.9 | 1.00 | 7.1 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.804 | |||
| 25–34 | 10.3 | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.18) | 0.210 | 12.9 | 0.89 (0.73 to 1.08) | 0.244 | 7.6 | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.44) | 0.296 | <0.001 | |
| 35–49 | 11.9 | 0.54 (0.28 to 1.05) | 0.070 | 12.9 | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.09) | 0.171 | 7.1 | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.51) | 0.637 | <0.001 | |
(%)*=Proportions of mothers who introduced solid, semisolid or soft foods in the study population (6–23 months); P trend=trend in each variable over the study period; P for interaction=interaction between a given study variable and the study period (2003–2013).
Multivariable models adjusted for the potential confounding factors of birth interval, sex of the baby and geopolitical zone.