Characteristics of patients who underwent resection for colon cancer, by use of any glucocorticoids, Denmark, 2001–2011
| Characteristics | Colon cancer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No glucocorticoid use, N=14 041 n (%) | Glucocorticoid use, N=4149 n (%) | p Value | |
| Sex | 0.000 | ||
| Female | 7122 (50.7) | 2369 (57.1) | |
| Male | 6919 (49.3) | 1780 (42.9) | |
| Age, years | 0.000 | ||
| <60 | 2399 (17.1) | 482 (11.6) | |
| 60–69 | 3841 (27.4) | 949 (22.9) | |
| 70–79 | 4688 (33.4) | 1582 (38.1) | |
| 80+ | 3113 (21.2) | 1136 (27.4) | |
| Year of resection | 0.000 | ||
| 2001–2004 | 4767 (34.0) | 1074 (25.9) | |
| 2005–2008 | 5327 (37.9) | 1642 (39.6) | |
| 2009–2011 | 3947 (28.1) | 1433 (34.5) | |
| Stage | 0.001 | ||
| Localised | 7192 (51.2) | 2261 (54.5) | |
| Non-localised | 6510 (46.4) | 1785 (43.0) | |
| Unknown | 339 (2.4) | 103 (2.5) | |
| CCI score | 0.001 | ||
| 0 | 8557 (60.9) | 1448 (34.9) | |
| 1–2 | 4074 (29.0) | 1812 (43.7) | |
| 3+ | 1410 (10.0) | 889 (21.4) | |
| ASA score | 0.000 | ||
| ≤2 | 10 616 (75.6) | 2575 (62.1) | |
| >2 | 2812 (20.0) | 1420 (34.2) | |
| Unknown | 613 (4.4) | 154 (3.7) | |
| IBD | 91 (0.7) | 108 (2.6) | 0.000 |
| Autoimmune disorders or immunosuppressive drug use | 90 (0.6) | 256 (6.2) | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 405 (2.9) | 208 (5.0) | 0.000 |
| Alcoholism | 488 (3.5) | 159 (3.8) | 0.276 |
| Tobacco use | 0.000 | ||
| Current use | 2088 (14.9) | 563 (13.6) | |
| Former use | 4159 (29.6) | 1429 (34.4) | |
| Never use | 3569 (25.4) | 898 (21.6) | |
| Unknown | 4225 (30.1) | 1259 (30.3) | |
| NSAIDs | 3337 (23.8) | 1180 (28.4) | 0.000 |
| COPD medications | 1547 (11.0) | 2404 (57.9) | 0.000 |
| Surgical urgency | 0.190 | ||
| Planned | 12 140 (86.5) | 3617 (87.2) | |
| Acute | 1894 (13.5) | 532 (12.8) | |
| Unknown | 7 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Surgical approach | 0.004 | ||
| Laparoscopy | 3446 (24.5) | 1111 (26.8) | |
| Laparotomy | 10 595 (75.5) | 3038 (73.2) | |
| Surgical procedure | 0.000 | ||
| Ileocaecal resection | 45 (0.3) | 8 (0.2) | |
| Right-sided hemicolectomy | 6925 (49.3) | 2239 (54.0) | |
| Transverse colon resection | 356 (2.5) | 101 (2.4) | |
| Left-sided hemicolectomy | 1546 (11.0) | 447 (10.8) | |
| Sigmoid colon resection | 4791 (34.1) | 1238 (29.8) | |
| Other resections | 15 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) | |
| Colectomy and IRA | 363 (2.6) | 108 (2.6) | |
| Rectal resection | – | – | |
| Perioperative blood transfusion | 0.000 | ||
| Yes | 3312 (23.6) | 1120 (27.0) | |
| No | 10 611 (75.6) | 2999 (72.3) | |
| Missing/unknown | 118 (0.8) | 30 (0.7) | |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Physical Status Classification; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRC, colorectal cancer; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IRA, ileorectal anastomosis; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.