Multilevel models with organisational and patient variables associated with HAPU (N=1056)
| Risk factors | Empty model N=1056 | Organisational variables n=1010 OR (95% CI) | Organisational and patient variables n=757 OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient safety culture mean score | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) | |
| Ward type (reference group: surgery and internal medicine) | |||
| ICU | 1.19 (0.43 to 3.33) | 1.14 (0.33 to 3.96) | |
| Rehabilitation | 0.26 (0.08 to 0.87) | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.66) | |
| Patient/nurse ratio | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.21) | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.54) | |
| PU prevention implemented (reference group: no) | 3.74 (2.49 to 5.63) | 2.02 (1.12 to 3.64) | |
| Gender (reference group: female) | 0.97 (0.57 to 1.65) | ||
| Age (reference group: <70 years) | 2.70 (1.54 to 4.74) | ||
| Braden scale total score | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.80) | ||
| BMI (reference group: normal 18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight | 1.46 (0.61 to 3.46) | ||
| Overweight | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.62) | ||
| Obesity | 0.51 (0.22 to 1.18) | ||
| ICC (%) | 21.16 | 17.39 | 10.60 |
Bold numbers significant ORs and ICCs. ICC=ward-level variance/total variance×100.
BMI, body mass index; HAPU, hospital-acquired pressure ulcers; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; ICU, intensive care unit; PU, pressure ulcer.