Crude and adjusted rate ratios of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction associated with the use of inducing and inhibiting antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) compared with non-inducing AEDs
| Type of AED | Ischaemic stroke | Myocardial infarction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Crude rate ratio | Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI) | Cases | Controls | Crude rate ratio | Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI) | |
| Current non-inducing | 776 (17.1) | 6855 (15.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 (Reference) | 657 (18.1) | 5923 (16.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Current inducing | 593 (13.1) | 4875 (11.2) | 1.04 | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.33) | 426 (11.7) | 3622 (10.2) | 1.01 | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.30) |
| Current inhibiting | 276 (6.1) | 2278 (5.2) | 1.09 | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.33) | 155 (4.3) | 1802 (5.1) | 0.75 | 0.81 (0.66 to 1.00) |
| Initiators non-inducing | 197 (4.3) | 2308 (5.3) | 0.72 | 0.75 (0.54 to 1.04) | 162 (4.5) | 1539 (4.4) | 1.01 | 1.04 (0.72 to 1.48) |
| Initiators inducing | 199 (4.4) | 1870 (4.3) | 1.03 | 1.20 (0.85 to 1.70) | 82 (2.3) | 758 (2.1) | 0.95 | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.69) |
| Initiators inhibiting | 104 (2.3) | 769 (1.8) | 1.38 | 1.47 (1.00 to 2.18) | 18 (0.5) | 249 (0.7) | 0.60 | 0.62 (0.33 to 1.17) |
| Multiple use | 95 (2.1) | 617 (1.4) | 1.40 | 1.44 (1.13 to 1.84) | 74 (2.0) | 497 (1.4) | 1.30 | 1.33 (1.01 to 1.74) |
| Past use | 503 (11.1) | 5399 (12.4) | 0.82 | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.01) | 464 (12.8) | 4717 (13.3) | 0.90 | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.14) |
| No use | 1790 (39.5) | 18 543 (42.6) | 0.79 | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) | 1598 (43.9) | 16 265 (46.0) | 0.84 | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.11) |
*Adjusted for obesity, smoking status, alcohol abuse, transient ischaemic attack, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, blood disorders, number of medical consultations and use of oral anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antidepressants, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. In addition, history of stroke was included in the model when studying myocardial infarction and history of myocardial infarction when studying ischaemic stroke.