Perceived needs of participants by gender
| HESPER item | Serious problem N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Male | Female | |
| Do you have a serious problem with…. | |||
| Drinking water | 377 (81.1) | 168 (78.1) | 209 (85.0) |
| Alcohol or drug use in the community | 372 (80.0) | 164 (77.0) | 208 (84.6)* |
| Toilets | 356 (76.6) | 164 (76.3) | 192 (78.4) |
| Food | 349 (75.1) | 152 (70.7) | 197 (80.1)* |
| Education for the children | 297 (63.9) | 139 (65.0) | 158 (64.2) |
| The way aid is provided | 260 (55.9) | 107 (51.4) | 153 (63.5)* |
| Care for people in the community who are on their own | 251 (54.0) | 108 (52.9) | 143 (61.9) |
| Healthcare | 242 (52.0) | 109 (51.2) | 133 (54.1) |
| Support from others | 231 (49.7) | 93 (45.1) | 138 (56.8)* |
| Safety or protection from violence for women in the community | 225 (48.4) | 100 (46.9) | 125 (51.2) |
| Place to live in | 225 (48.4) | 95 (44.4) | 130 (53.1) |
| Clothes, shoes, bedding or blankets | 217 (46.7) | 93 (43.5) | 124 (50.4) |
| Income or livelihood | 215 (46.2) | 104 (48.4) | 111 (45.1) |
| Mental illness in the community | 214 (46.0) | 91 (43.8) | 123 (51.7) |
| Information | 203 (43.7) | 98 (46.0) | 105 (43.0) |
| Safety | 190 (40.9) | 93 (43.3) | 97 (39.4) |
| Distress | 163 (35.1) | 65 (30.7) | 98 (40.3)* |
| Law and justice in the community | 160 (34.4) | 75 (35.5) | 85 (34.7) |
| Keeping clean | 156 (33.5) | 77 (36.0) | 79 (32.1) |
| Too much free time | 148 (31.8) | 54 (25.2) | 94 (38.2)* |
| Care for family members | 135 (29.0) | 70 (33.3) | 65 (26.5) |
| Physical health | 131 (28.2) | 60 (28.0) | 71 (29.0) |
| Separation from family members | 123 (26.5) | 55 (25.7) | 68 (27.8) |
| Being displaced from home | 123 (26.5) | 61 (28.5) | 62 (25.2) |
| Moving between places | 104 (22.4) | 52 (24.3) | 52 (21.1) |
| Respect | 73 (15.7) | 33 (15.6) | 40 (16.3) |
*χ2 significant difference; p<0.05.
HESPER, Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale.