Characteristics at birth and age 20
| Normotensive pregnancy N=899 | Hypertensive pregnancy N=252 | PIH N=206 | Complicated hypertension n=46 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Sex (% male) | 49.7% (477) | 57.1% (145)* | 59.2% (122) | 50% (23) |
| Gestation (weeks) | 39.5 (1.9) | 39.1 (2.2)* | 39.7 (1.4) | 36.1 (2.7)*† |
| Birth weight (g) | 3363 (527) | 3282 (616) | 3422 (481) | 2658 (760)*† |
| Birth weight z-score | −0.04 (0.92) | −0.03 (0.98) | −0.03 (1.0) | −0.06 (1.01) |
| Head circumference (cm) | 34.5 (1.7) | 34.4 (1.9) | 34.8 (1.6) | 32.8 (2.5)*† |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age (years) | 29.4 (5.7) | 29.1 (5.8) | 29.0 (5.3) | 29.8 (5.9) |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 21.73 (3.77) | 23.07 (4.11)* | 23.07 (4.16)* | 23.10 (3.89)* |
| Smoking in late pregnancy (%) | 23.0% (207) | 19% (48) | 20.9% (43) | 10.9% (5)* |
| Multiple pregnancies (%) | 4% (36) | 5.4% (14) | 1% (2) | 26% (12)*† |
| Gestational diabetes (%) | 1.4% (13) | 2.8 (7) | 2.9% (6) | 2.2% (1) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors age 20 | ||||
| BMI | 24.14 (4.7) | 25.23 (5.5)* | 25.3 (5.5)* | 24.8 (5.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 116.3 (13.0) | 120.0 (12.8)* | 119.7 (12.6)* | 121.8 (14.0)* |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 64.9 (8.0) | 66.3 (12.8)* | 66.5 (8.4) | 65.3 (7.8) |
| Smokers (%) | 15.6% (130) | 14.0% (32) | 13.3% (24) | 16.3% (8) |
| Metabolic factors | n=786 | n=223 | n=185 | n=37 |
| Glucose (mmo/L) | 4.96 (0.42) | 4.98 (0.52) | 4.97 (0.47) | 5.06 (0.69) |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 4.63 (5.69) | 4.37 (4.02) | 4.37 (4.00) | 4.39 (4.19) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.34 (0.81) | 4.23 (0.75) | 4.20 (0.74) | 4.36 (0.83) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.09 (0.80) | 1.09 (0.60) | 1.08 (0.59) | 1.12 (0.65) |
| HDL—cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.34 (0.32) | 1.29 (0.32)* | 1.29 (0.32) | 1.28 (0.32) |
| LDL—cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.50 (0.67) | 2.44 (0.61) | 2.41 (0.62) | 2.56 (0.59) |
*Significantly different from all normotensive.
†Significantly different from PIH (All significant values <0.05).
BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.