Characteristics of participants by exposure to ETS
| Variables | No ETS (n=943) | ETS (n=258) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 59.9±10.1 | 54.4±8.6 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 119.4±18.3 | 116.5±16.1 | 0.016 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69.9±10.0 | 70.3±10.2 | 0.647 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL (n=1198) | 96.5±19.0 | 94.4±14.0 | 0.048 |
| HbA1c, % (n=1196) | 5.8±0.8 | 5.7±0.8 | 0.103 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (n=1198) | 199.9±34.7 | 196.9±31.9 | 0.204 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8±3.3 | 24.8±3.1 | 0.813 |
| BDI score | 7.7±7.2 | 8.6±6.8 | 0.090 |
| Menopausal status | |||
| Premenopause | 172 (18.3) | 82 (31.8) | <0.0001 |
| Postmenopause | 769 (81.7) | 176 (68.2) | |
| Income | |||
| <1 500 000 won | 522 (60.5) | 109 (45.8) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 500 000 won | 341 (39.5) | 129 (54.2) | |
| Employment | |||
| No | 373 (39.6) | 72 (27.9) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 570 (60.5) | 186 (72.1) | |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Former/non-drinkers | 767 (81.3) | 163 (63.4) | <0.0001 |
| Current drinkers | 176 (18.7) | 94 (36.6) | |
| Regular exercise | |||
| No | 622 (66.0) | 158 (61.2) | 0.182 |
| Yes | 321 (34.0) | 100 (38.8) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 579 (61.4) | 186 (72.1) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 364 (38.6) | 72 (27.9) | |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 797 (84.6) | 226 (87.9) | 0.216 |
| Yes | 145 (15.4) | 31 (12.1) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | |||
| No | 583 (62.0) | 172 (66.9) | 0.165 |
| Yes | 358 (38.0) | 85 (33.1) | |
| Psychosocial stress | |||
| No | 394 (41.8) | 97 (37.6) | 0.254 |
| Yes | 549 (58.2) | 161 (62.4) | |
| Depression | |||
| No | 656 (69.6) | 159 (61.6) | 0.019 |
| Yes | 287 (30.4) | 99 (38.4) | |
Data expressed as mean±SD or number (%).
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin.