Incidence of HF in relation to the sex-specific quartiles of blood cadmium among men and women
| Quartiles of blood cadmium | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P trend | |
| Men | |||||
| HF, n, per 1000 p-y | 6 (0.8) | 23 (3.2) | 18 (2.5) | 29 (4.2) | |
| HR (95% CI), model 1 | 1.00 | 3.61 (1.47 to 8.86) | 2.58 (1.02 to 6.50) | 5.39 (2.24 to 13.00) | <0.001 |
| HR (95% CI), model 2 | 1.00 | 3.37 (1.29 to 8.78) | 1.76 (0.66 to 4.73) | 3.91 (1.32 to 11.54) | 0.18 |
| Women | |||||
| HF, n, per 1000 p-y | 16 (1.4) | 15 (1.3) | 15 (1.3) | 21 (1.9) | |
| HR (95% CI), model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.40 to 1.65) | 0.80 (0.39 to 1.61) | 1.58 (0.82 to 3.02) | 0.20 |
| HR (95% CI), model 2 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.44 to 1.83) | 0.74 (0.35 to 1.54) | 1.18 (0.49 to 2.82) | 0.99 |
HR model 1 adjusted for age.
HR model 2 adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, use of blood pressure-lowering or lipids-lowering medications, presence of diabetes mellitus, history of a coronary event, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, LDL, HDL, hsCRP, plasma creatinine, marital and educational status.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; p-y, person-year.